Frankenstein and Real Monster - 1762 Words

Discrimination Jennifer Shi Discrimination is treating someone differently, often unfairly, because he/she is a part of a specific group, class or category of people. For instance, a girl named Wu Qing in China was discriminated against and could not find a job because how her body was a bit chubby and the scars in her face from an accident in her early childhood. Even though she was kind and used to be straight-A student, she had no friends. Now, she is looking for selling her kidney in order to pay the plastic surgery fee. Discrimination can change a person from innocent to evil is an important theme in the novel â€Å"Frankenstein† by Mary Shelley. Even though†¦show more content†¦In the novel Dr.Frankenstein shouts, â€Å"You are an evil creature. I shall kill you if I can†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Shelley 20) and he also says, â€Å"we are enemies, leave me now or let us fight until one of us is dead†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Shelley 20-21)This quote conveys how much the Dr.Frankenstein hates the monster as he wants to kill him. All of these actions the Dr.Frankenstein has done are solely because of the monster’s countenance that leads to the creator himself who made how the monster looks like wants to kill the monster! How sad and disappointed the little baby-like monster must be. In addition, the inequality he tolerates is far more than just the hurt from his own creator. He has been discriminated against by the drowning girl and her father. He has saved the girl’s life but her father shoots him instead of rewarding him. In the novel it is written, â€Å"I fell to the ground in great pain, and the man and the girl ran into the woods as fast as they could, and left me. The bullet was deep in my arm, and I lost a lot of blood†¦I had saved the girl’s life†¦with a bullet in the arm!† (Shelley 30-31) This quote reveals the strange results of saving a girl’s life – deep in pain, lost a lot of blood and of course enormously trauma emot ionally. It sounds like he has done something horrible simply because of saving someone who is in danger. He has done nothing wrong, is the cruelty, the little human cannot stand theShow MoreRelatedWho was the real monster? Frankenstein1691 Words   |  7 PagesNovember 25th, 2013 THE REAL MONSTER The monster rose from the table. He stared at the creature whom he had created, then ran away in terror. He ran away because the monster looked nothing like anything he had ever seen before; it was monstrous and utterly terrifying. He thought it would harm him as monsters are commonly portrayed to do. What would any human do in a situation like that? Prejudice is not an emotion in itself; it is an offshoot of fear. He feared the monster, which is why he actedRead MoreFrankenstein Final Essay : The Real Monsters915 Words   |  4 PagesFrankenstein Final Essay: The Real Monsters In Shelley’s Frankenstein, the monster is portrayed as a grotesque abomination. However, as Hopkins states in Contending Forces, the cultural and geographical situations, or lack thereof, in which one matures in play a crucial role in the proper development of one’s mind and brain. The monster is simply a product of circumstance. The lack of social interactions alongside geographical isolation propelled the daemon to be alienated from society, ultimatelyRead MoreDr. Frankenstein is the Real Monster in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein883 Words   |  4 PagesShelley, describing the moment in which Victor Frankenstein fully identifies his creation. He realizes that this monster could ruin both his life and the lives of many more people. Shortly after this realization, the creator rushes out of the room. What to do now that this creature is alive and ready to do as it pleases? After reading the Mary Shelley novel, ‘Frankenstein’ I will try to answer the question, ‘who is the real monster? Dr. Frankenstein or his creation?’ It is usually thought thatRead MoreThe Real Monster Of Frankenstein By Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley1069 Words   |  5 PagesThe Real Monster in Frankenstein As scientists pursue the progress of their field, it would be good if they could do so to benefit the human race. However, if scientific discoveries are motivated by selfish ambition, and scientists do not take responsibility for them if they fail, their creations might become threats to humans. The novel Frankenstein, written by the English author Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, tells the story of a young scientist, Victor Frankenstein, who unintentionally createsRead MoreWho Is the Real Monster in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein?2098 Words   |  9 PagesMary Wollstonecraft Shelley (1797-1851) wrote the novel, Frankenstein, in her late teens to her early twenties. It was her most famous work and was published in early 1818 it was to become the most famous Gothic Horror story ever written. Shelley lived in a time where the field of science progressed immensely. Science, because of its links to the supernatural, then became part of the emergence of Gothic Horror as a genre. Since th en it has been frequently used in Gothic Horror when using the connectionRead MoreEssay about The Real Monster in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein991 Words   |  4 PagesIn this essay I will be discussing who really is portrayed as the monster in her gothic horror novel, Frankenstein or â€Å"The Modern Prometheus†. Frankenstein was written in 1816, (thought by many to be the first real science fiction novel) during the age of Romanticism and it tells the story of a selfish man, Victor Frankenstein, whose ambition conducts him to seek for supernatural powers and leads him to death. He is a young scientist, eager to discover something new, the key to life, help to makeRead MoreEssay on The Real Monster in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein2121 Words   |  9 PagesFrankenstein is a classic horror novel, but with a twist of many other genres. Written by Mary Shelley, it was a novel which mixed many exciting elements, such as horror, drama and romance. The story follows a young doctor named Victor Frankenstein, who has an obsession to reincarnate the dead, but his attempts at this fail horribly, and Victor finds himself in deep peril, as the monster stalks him throughout the world. I aim to investigate the issue, however, of who is the true monster inRead MoreThe Real Monster, Victor Frank781 Words   |  4 PagesThe Real Monster, victor frankenstein Mary Shelley#8217;s narrative, Frankenstein is the story of Victor Frankenstein and his creation. #8220;It was on a dreary night of November that I beheld the accomplishment of my toils#8230;by the glimmer of the half-extinguished light I saw the dull yellow eye of the creature open; it breathed hard, and a convulsive motion agitated its limbs.(52)#8221; This was the time and the place in which the creature came to life. Victor Frankenstein thoughtRead MoreEssay on True Nature of the Monster666 Words   |  3 Pages Even though it appears on the surface that Frankensteins monster exhibits actions that appear to be evil and malicious, the reader cannot help but to sympathize with his problems. From the very beginning it is obvious that the monster only wants the approval and the acceptance of his creator. The monster is a type of character that can be compared to a child because the monster like a child only wants the parents to love and to accept them for who they are. In m any cases children almost breakRead MorePride And Vanity In Frankenstein1719 Words   |  7 PagesShelley’s â€Å"Frankenstein† is a book with a deep message that touches to the very heart. This message implies that the reader will not see the story only from the perspective of the narrator but also reveal numerous hidden opinions and form a personal interpretation of the novel. One of its primary statements is that no one is born a monster and a â€Å"monster† is created throughout socialization, and the process of socialization starts from the contact with the â€Å"creator†. It is Victor Frankenstein that could

Discrimination Against Female And Male Employees - 1795 Words

The present global scenario has come a long way when it comes to discrimination against women. Employers who discriminate against female or male employees because of their sex are held to be in violation of The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Title VII (Twomey Jennings, 2014). Gone are the times when the men were stereotyped to be the bread winners while women were expected to remain at home to cook and clean. Discrimination had always preferred the able bodied superior. Women today work alongside the superior sex but sadly, still face discrimination in the workplace when it comes to opportunities and higher responsibilities. The female worker is still not provided with the same promotion as opposed to men. They experience fewer opportunities for promotion and positions of authority. Additionally, women who are illiterate have a lesser chance to get jobs doing labor work. Yet, every company desires workers who are fast working and hence, the company hires people who are you ng and energetic. This is why old people and women get singled out for competitive job positions. Women are often not treated equally for positions despite being more qualified than their male counterparts primarily because the employers are apprehensive of their commitment towards the job. They believe women cannot be as committed because they are more tied to their families and might miss out on their job roles due to pregnancies or other family obligations. Gender inequalities have plaguedShow MoreRelatedWomen Accuse Walmart Of Sex Discrimination863 Words   |  4 Pagesaccuse Walmart of sex discrimination According to the BBC News, on 9 March 2011, it was reported that the world’s largest retailer, Walmart, was claimed to be the defendant in a case alleging that it discriminated against its women employees. This contexts rose in the USA when six women staff were concerned that they and other women staff were paid less and had few opportunities to gain promotion as a consequence of their gender, while Walmart claimed that they treated all employees equally. Chris KwapnowskiRead MoreThe Problem Of Discrimination At The Civil Rights Act Of 1964991 Words   |  4 Pagesand Moser explore the problem of discrimination in the large company Walmart. Many female employees claim were their discriminated against in the workplace and sued the company for the unfair treatment in salary and promotion. This article shows the information of lawsuit cases for large company. The company had more awareness suing from the employee and needed to prevent it. I will use this source for backing groun d for my argument. It shows 500,000 female employees files for the lawsuit in pay andRead MoreDiscrimination in the Workplace Essay1083 Words   |  5 Pagesworkplace discrimination is not as common as it is widely thought to be. The survey results showed that most people in this day and age have never experienced discrimination. Out of the ten surveys conducted only one individual from the general public had experienced discrimination in the workplace. To eliminate this sort of behaviour, a no tolerant attitude should be put in place. This would include the laws being tougher in order to discourage employers/employees from discrimination. Another approachRead MoreGender Discrimination And Equal Employment Essay1465 Words   |  6 PagesGender Discrimination and Equal Employment Introduction Discrimination has existed since the beginning of time. Often time people discriminate upon individuals unintentionally, because of certain stereotypes that have associated with race, gender, and religion. The First Amendment of the United States gives each individual the freedom of not only religion, but expression, and speech. Yet, despite the many historic and recent efforts gender discrimination and inequality is still a major issue inRead MoreThe Development Of Walmart.966 Words   |  4 PagesNicholas Chabra Cooperate Responsibility and Society January 27, 2016 Introduction This paper concerning Walmart will give a brief history and development story of the retail outlet. The research will also feature the gender discrimination claims that have been made against the retail outlet store. The history and development of Walmart Walmart’s first store was opened up in Rogers, Arkansas in 1962 by Sam Walton. Walton had owned a retail store in the previous store and decided to utilize a uniqueRead MoreQuestions On Employment Law Questions934 Words   |  4 Pagesmeasures being put against those who fall in the case. Periodically, training employees on the impacts of racial segregation is also very essential thus making them aware of the harassments and their impacts. Employers should also make sure they follow and enforce the policies they come up with. The policy should compose the following; The policy should clearly show the prohibited contacts which are taken to be racial harassments. There should also be clear assurance to employees that if they makeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Iron Mines 1676 Words   |  7 Pagesfirst woman driver for the mining company. Glory recommended that if Josie wanted to make pay equal to the amount males make to support her family then she should work in the mines. The iron mines in Northern Minnesota began hiring female miners in 1975, but when Josie went to work their male employees still outnumbered females 30 to 1. The discrimination towards the female employees that accompanied this gendered workplace was blatantly evident before they even started their first day of work. BeforeRead MoreThe Case Of Calibuso Et Al V. Bank Of America Corp Essay1563 Words   |  7 PagesThe case of Calibuso et al. v. Bank of America Corp. et al. began in 2010, when female financial analysts (FAs) filed charges in in several states and with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) claiming that the Bank of America (BoA) used discriminatory pay practices against them in violation of state laws and the U.S. Equal Pay Act of 1963 and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (DiMarco, 2014; Calibuso, 2012). These laws forbid inequalities in pay (Schrimsher Fretwell, 2012)Read MoreThe Importance of Ethical Business Practices: Walmart Law Suites 842 Words   |  4 Pagesany ethical guidelines and may often lead to sickness and or/death of some or all employees. One unethical issue which will be the focus for this issues study is sexual discrimination. . Employees are protected from all kinds of discrimination, which include the discrimination of age, disability, race and sex, at all stages of employment including employment, dismissal and all stages in between. Sexual discrimination is that of people on the grounds of sex and can affect their employment, pay orRead MoreDiversity Is A Practice Of Acknowledging, Understanding, Accepting, And Valuing People s Differences1313 Words   |  6 Pagesentertain male applicants than females. The main concern of these companies is that females provide more expenses than the males due to their special needs for government benefits. The demographics of the Bureau of Labor Statistics claimed that female employees apply more of the company’s paid leaves, maternal leave, and health benefits (Bexrukova, Jehn, Spell, 2012). Female employees also acquire the biggest number of absences due to personal issues and health issues as compared to their male counterparts

BHP Billiton CSR Audit And Report

Question: Discuss about the CSR Audit of BHP Billiton. Answer: Introduction BHP Billiton is one of the leading petroleum, mining and metals company having its headquarter is Melbourne, Australia. The organization is named the largest mining company in the world in the year of 2015 along with the fourth largest company in Australia in terms of revenue. To maintain its success or image in the corresponding industry of operation, an organization like BHP Billiton focuses a lot of effort on the corporate social responsibilities in its business model. These corporate social responsibilities define the activities that the organization does for the wellbeing of the community and the corresponding society of operation. The presence and completion of these corporate social responsibilities allow the organization to maintain its leadership in the corresponding industry. The corporate social responsibilities also allow the organization to achieve its goals in an efficient manner through the positioning of the brand with a positive image among the individuals and organi zations present in the corresponding markets. This report focuses on the corporate social responsibilities of BHP Billiton and analyzes these responsibilities in terms of their presence in the business model and operational model of the organization. Along with the analysis of the CSR activities done by BHP Billiton, the report also analyzes the discrepancies between the claims that the organization makes for its CSR activities and the actual corporate practices of the organization for its corporate social responsibilities (Lodhia, 2014). Scope of engagement As mentioned earlier, the scope of the report is to define the corporate social responsibilities in the business and operational model of the organization along with the analysis of these responsibilities held by BHP Billiton. The report also analyzes the extent or significance of the corporate social responsibilities in the business model of BHP Billiton along with their involvement in the vision and strategies of the organization. The report also analyzes whether these corporate social responsibilities of BHP Billiton are measurable to certain extent along with their positive impacts on the performance of the organization and the society in which the organization operates in (Jamali, 2015). Then the intention of the report is to identify and analyze the discrepancies between the corporate social responsibilities defined in the business model of BHP Billiton and the actual corporate practices of the organization to carry these responsibilities out. The report also includes some reco mmendations to improve the corporate social responsibilities of the organization along with the CSR practices and their effectiveness. The report is presented to the management of BHP Billiton as an end-to-end analysis of their current CSR activities and potential rooms for improvement in these business processes in the form of a CSR audit of the organization (Mayes, 2013). Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) The corporate social responsibilities are considered to be the way for the organizations to give something back to the society. These responsibilities of the organizations are defined to allow the organizations to be responsible for the wellbeing of the community and the societies across the corresponding markets of operation. These responsibilities also allow the organizations to have a positive image in the corresponding market of operation, which in turn helps in increasing the sales of the products or services of the organizations. BHP Billiton realizes the significance of the corporate social activities and have a number of corporate social responsibilities embedded into the business model of the organization. There are a number of other business benefits of the corporate social responsibilities such as risk management, branding, positioning, strong supplier relations and effective workforce of the organization. BHP Billiton focuses on a number of sectors such as health, economy , education, disaster relief and various charities to achieve its corporate social responsibility goals in the corresponding market of operation. There are a number of organizations in the industries across the globe, who claim to carry out a number of CSR activities, but fail to complete these corporate social responsibilities in the real world. This report analyses these claims of BHP Billiton of the CSR activities with the actual real-world corporate activities of the organization (Mayes, 2015). BHPs CSR commitment As mentioned earlier, BHP Billiton focuses on a number of sectors of the societies across the world to achieve its goals and objectives for the corporate social responsibilities. Some of these sectors are education, healthcare, disaster relief and economic development, which are mentioned in this section of the report (Price, 2015). CSR claims embedded in BHPs vision and strategic documents The business strategy of BHP Billiton is to contribute to the development of the society along with the manufacturing and distribution of high quality products and services. Community investment The business strategic documents of BHP Billiton claim that the business model of the organization puts a lot of focus on the community investments in order to make the lives of the individuals in the corresponding communities better. Economic development The business processes of the organization aim at the effective development of the economic condition of the host country through the business activities of the organization. The business model of BHP Billiton supports the local businesses for a number of its business processes, which in turn leads to the development of the economic condition of the local market (Billiton, 2014). Education BHP Billiton has been active in the education and training industry for quite some time. The organization includes the contributions to the educational institutions in the rural places in the corresponding market of operation in its business model and trains the individuals in the corresponding societies in various useful skills. These trainings allow the individuals to have a source of employment for them (Northey, 2013). Health BHP Billiton also organizes a number of initiatives to enhance the health of the individuals present in the corresponding market of operation. Swim and Survive is such an initiative started by BHP Billiton to allow the children in the corresponding societies to participate in for various competition, which in turn also allow the children to have better health (Saunders, 2015). Environmental contribution This is another section of the CSR activities carried out by BHP Billiton, which allows the organization to contribute for the wellbeing and betterment of the environment of the market of operation. Greenhouse gas emissions The organization also focuses on minimizing its greenhouse gas emissions and energy usage of the processes of manufacturing the products. The organization has created a number of initiatives as part of its business strategy to minimize the emission of the greenhouse gases along with the efficient utilization of energy (Su, 2013). Measurability of these claims Some of these claims of BHP Billiton can be measured to a certain extent based on the type of contribution to the society. Some of these measurements of the CSR activities of the organization are mentioned in this section. Economic development The contributions of BHP Billiton can be measured in terms of the sales and revenue generation figures of some of the initiatives that the organization started. The BMA local buying program of BHP Billiton allowed 372 businesses to be registered in the program, which in turn created 1910 work opportunities in the local market resulting with 25 million USD of revenue locally. The World-Class supplier program launched by BHP Billiton in the year of 2012 in Chile had more than 5000 individuals generating over 4000 million USD of sales, which in turn led to the strengthening of the Chilean economic condition (Billiton, 2012). Education The educational and training contributions of BHP Billiton can be measured in terms of the below mentioned facts. BHP Billiton has been a part of the growing academic partnership with more than 30 Chinese universities, which opens up a large number of educational opportunities. BHP Billiton has also been a part of the Chile before Chile initiative to fund the activities of gathering valuable artifacts and preserving them in the Chilean museum of pre-Columbian art to educate people about the indigenous culture and history of Chile. BHP Billiton also contributed 10$ dollars to the Australian Indigenous Education Foundation (AIEF) for funding 90 scholarships in the year of 2014 (Fonseca, 2014). Greenhouse gas emission This claim of the BHP Billiton can be measured in terms of the total amount of the gases emitted by the business processes each year. The total amount of greenhouse gas emissions of BHP Billiton was 38.3 million tons in the year of 2015. This count suggests that the GHG emission reduced 6% from 2014, which in turn proves the active contribution of the organization to this CSR activity (Billiton, 2014). Positive impact of BHPs CSR policy The CSR claims embedded in the vision and strategic documents of BHP Billiton were mentioned in the previous section. These CSR activities of the organization are carried out through an effective implementation of a CSR policy, which in turn allows the organization to have a number of positive impacts on the society. The contribution of the organization to the economic condition of the local market is leading to the strengthening of a number of less-developed or developing countries along with the enhancement of the standard of living of the individuals staying in the corresponding society. The educational and healthcare contributions of the organization are also responsible for making the lives of the individuals in the corresponding societies better in terms of the standard of living and the quality of their lives. The minimization of the GHG emission is also responsible for making the environment less polluted, which in turn is decreasing the global warming issue (Browne, 2013). Discrepancies between communicated intention and corporate practice The claims made by BHP Billiton for their corporate social responsibilities are included in the vision and strategic documents of the organization. There arent a lot of discrepancies between these claims made by the organization and the actual corporate practices. As mentioned in the previous sections, we have enough data to analyze these CSR activities of the organization. This analysis reveals that the organization is contributing or carrying out the CSR activities to an acceptable significance and with acceptable effectiveness (Onn, 2014). The organization has a number of open initiatives in the corresponding markets of operation, which allows the organization to minimize the gap between the intended CSR activities and the actual corporate practices. Recommendations As mentioned earlier, the analysis of the CSR activities and objectives of BHP Billiton are being carried out efficiently by the organization in the corresponding markets of operation. This section mentions a number of recommendation, which the management of the organization can consider for enhancing the CSR activities and their effectiveness in the corresponding markets. The organization can focus more on the sustainable development initiatives in order to make the corresponding societies sustainable enough to cater to the needs of the future generations (Paul, 2016). The organization can focus more on the optimization of the usage of the natural resources in its business processes in order to preserve these natural resources, which are facing a threat of getting depleted (Ross, 2016). BHP Billiton can also focus its CSR activities on the contributions to various charities for orphans and elderly people in order to contribute towards the betterment of the corresponding societies along with the enhancement of the brand image in the corresponding markets (Pellegrino, 2012). The organization can focus on publishing public yearly reports for its CSR activities along with the progress of the organization in achieving these CSR objectives. These reports can be designed to include all the CSR activities taken up by the organization along with their effectiveness and positive impacts on the corresponding societies (Bair, 2015). Conclusion BHP Billiton is one of the leading organizations in the mining industry with its operations in a number of markets. The organization includes a number of corporate social responsibilities in its vision and business strategies. These CSR activities of the organization mainly focus on its contributions to the community through the healthcare, education and economic sector of the corresponding societies along with the environmental contributions of the organization to minimize the emission of the greenhouse gases and efficient usage of energy (Pepper, 2015). Most of these CSR activities of the organization are measurable in terms of the actual calculations of the contributions made by the organization or the calculations of the positive impacts of the CSR activities of the organization. These CSR activities of BHP Billiton have a number of positive impacts on the corresponding societies of operation. The analysis of these CSR activities of the organization reveals that there arent a lot of discrepancies between the claims made by the management and the actual corporate practices of the organization. The organization has been active in the corresponding markets of operation to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of its CSR activities along with taking new initiatives to enhance the effectiveness of its business processes (Boiral, 2015). This report focused on the corporate social responsibilities of BHP Billiton and analyzes these responsibilities in terms of their presence in the business model and operational model of the organization. Along with the analysis of the CSR activities done by BHP Billiton, the report also analyzed the discrepancies between the claims that the organization makes for its CSR activities and the actual corporate practices of the organization for its corporate social responsibilities. References Bair, J., Palpacuer, F. (2015). CSR beyond the corporation: contested governance in global value chains. Global Networks, 15(s1), S1-S19. Billiton, B. H. P. (2012). Sustainability. Accessed November, 26, 2012. Billiton, B. H. P. (2014). BHP Billiton Interim Results: TranscriptInvestor Briefing, 18 February. Billiton, B. H. P. (2014). BHP Billiton results for the year ended 30 June 2014. Boiral, O., Henri, J. F. (2015). Is sustainability performance comparable? A study of GRI reports of mining organizations. Business Society, 0007650315576134. Browne, J., Nuttall, R. (2013). Beyond corporate social responsibility: Integrated external engagement. The McKinsey Quarterly, 1-11. Fonseca, A., McAllister, M. L., Fitzpatrick, P. (2014). Sustainability reporting among mining corporations: a constructive critique of the GRI approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 84, 70-83. Jamali, D., Karam, C., Blowfield, M. (Eds.). (2015). Development-Oriented Corporate Social Responsibility: Volume 1: Multinational Corporations and the Global Context (Vol. 1). Greenleaf Publishing. Lodhia, S., Martin, N. (2014). Corporate sustainability indicators: an Australian mining case study. Journal of Cleaner Production, 84, 107-115. Mayes, R. (2015). A social licence to operate: corporate social responsibility, local communities and the constitution of global production networks. Global Networks, 15(s1), S109-S128. Mayes, R., Pini, B., McDonald, P. (2013). Corporate social responsibility and the parameters of dialogue with vulnerable others. Organization, 20(6), 840-859. Northey, S., Haque, N., Mudd, G. (2013). Using sustainability reporting to assess the environmental footprint of copper mining. Journal of Cleaner Production, 40, 118-128. Onn, A. H., Woodley, A. (2014). A discourse analysis on how the sustainability agenda is defined within the mining industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 84, 116-127. Paul, S. (2016). BHP Billiton reviews Indonesian coal assets. Australia's Paydirt, 1(238), 83. Pepper, A., McIntosh, P., Fitzsimmons, R., Gebhardt, T., Dillenbeck, E. (2015, September). The Unconventional Global Endowment: Results of BHP Billiton's Global Assessment. In International Conference Exhibition. Pellegrino, C., Lodhia, S. (2012). Climate change accounting and the Australian mining industry: exploring the links between corporate disclosure and the generation of legitimacy. Journal of Cleaner Production, 36, 68-82. Price, G. (2015). Spotlight on seeds for BHP Billiton Iron Ore. AusIMM Bulletin, (Jun 2015), 76. Ross, D. (2016). Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives in Australias Mining Industry: An Applied Stakeholder Approach. In Key Initiatives in Corporate Social Responsibility (pp. 261-278). Springer International Publishing. Saunders, A. (2015). BHP Billiton winds back China forecast. Su, R., Yi, R., Hooper, K., Dutta, A. (2013). Information Spillover, Profit Opportunities, and Return Deviations Analysis: The Case of Cross-Listed BHP Billiton. International Journal of Business and Economics, 12(2), 155.

Public Relations Paper free essay sample

Public Relations Public relations is how any business, no matter how big or small, interacts with its clientele, partners, investors, and potential customers to sell it goods and services. Public relations are an absolute integral part of an establishments ability to advertise Its goods and services to the general public in a positive way. Public relations simply stated Is the ability of a business to build key relationships between its organization and its audience.The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia defines public relations as the activities and policies used to create public interest in a person, idea, product, institution, or business establishment. In this definition, public relations is described as a process rather than a departmental agency. In some of the more successful businesses, public relations departments exist within. For smaller businesses, they may elect to contract public relations work out to specialized firms. The American Heritage Dictionary defines public relations as the art or science of establishing and promoting a favorable relationship with the public. We will write a custom essay sample on Public Relations Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The American Heritage goes on to say that public relations is the methods and activities employed to establish and promote a favorable relationship with the public. It is important to understand that public relations agencies are an Integral part of a businesses success In maintaining positive relationships with their consumer base and the general public. According to Worried, public relations is a promotion intended to create goodwill for a person or an institution. There is one common thread that truly identifies public relations within in all three of the aforementioned definitions.Goodwill, positive, constructive are all adjectives used to describe the purpose of public relations. Public relations mall function Is to bring public and private policies In to pleasant fruition. The reason so many deflations exist for public relations Is that generally, an attempt to describe what public relations does is presented rather than a definition of what it is. In the three definitions presented in this paper, all mentioned what public relations specifically is and then briefly translated what public relations does.The two differentiations are closely related; however there are some contrasting elements. In the first definition presented by Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, public relations Is described as an activity and a policy utilized to gain the preceding two from American Heritage and Worried, however the Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia definition makes no mention of the fact that public relations is a promotion to create a sense of goodwill for a person or an institution. Both the American Heritage and Worried definitions make mention of the goodwill factor.In this paper, the definition of public relations was presented. A personal definition was given to start the paper, as well as three supporting definitions from scholastic references. A contrast and comparison between the definitions of public relations was additionally conveyed. Lastly, and explanation as to why there are so many differing definitions of public relations was discussed. Public relations is a necessary means for businesses of all kinds to reach out and touch their customers.

How Should You Spend the Night Before the ACT

How Should You Spend the Night Before the ACT SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Planning the night before the test is the last thing you really have to worry about before taking the ACT. But how do you know what to do so that you get the best score possible the next day? This comprehensive guide will lay out everything you should (and shouldn’t) do before you head to bed the night before the ACT. Follow these tips - covering everything from logistical concerns to last-minute exam prep - to wake up confident, refreshed, and ready. Let’s get started! Take Care of the Small (But Important) Details If you square away all of these small logistical concerns the night before the ACT, you’ll cut down on stress and worry the next morning. Logistical Details to Take Care of the Night Before the ACT Print your admission ticket.This ticket has important details printed on it - you also won't be able to take the test without it. Know what time the test is and when you need to be there - standard check-in time is 8 am. If you’re late, you won’t be allowed to take the exam.Plan on getting there 15-20 minutes early so that you won’t be rushed (or late) if anything happens in the morning, like unexpected traffic. Know where the test is, how to get there, and how long it’ll take you to get there.You can double-check the location on your admission ticket or at your ACT Account. Try usingGoogle Mapsto plan out the fastest route. Enter your arrive-by time for the next morning in addition to the testing center address and your starting point - Google Maps will tell you when to leave! Have a wake-up plan, especially if you're prone to oversleeping.Set multiple alarms, giving yourself an extra cushion of time (10-15 minutes) to get ready.Plan on having a family member wake you up as a backup plan. Set out all your outfit for the next morning. Choose something you’d be comfortable sitting around in for several hours. Layers are a good idea, in case the testing room is warmer or colder than ideal. Organize everything you need to bring for the test. There are only a few items you have to bring, but there are several other items that would be smart to have for the test: Mandatory: Your admission ticket Mandatory: Photo ID Mandatory: Several sharpened #2 pencils Good quality erasers An approved calculator + extra batteries A watch (without an audible alarm) A bottle of water and snacks to eat during breaks. Officially, you won’t be able to eat or drink in the testing room, but you should have access to food + water during breaks. Plan on leaving forbidden items at home.If you bring any forbidden items, you could jeopardize your scores. Here’s a list of items you should leave at home: Any electronic device aside from your calculator and watch (no smart watches, obviously) Anything with an alarm Any writing utensils or tools aside from your #2 pencils Any pamphlets or papers Dictionaries or other books You can find more info on prohibited behavior here- basically, just listen to directions and be polite and you'll be fine A note about cell phones: If you don’t have to bring it, then don’t. If you do choose to bring your phone, make sure it’s turned off and out of reach during the test and during breaks. If it goes off at any point - even if it’s an innocent alarm - all of your scores will be canceled. Have a Plan for Self-Care I think that the best thing you can do before the ACT is to make sure you’re relaxed, well-rested, and well-fed. Even if you prepare really well for the exam, you won’t do very well if you’re stressed, tired, or hungry. Here, I’ll go over the things you should and shouldn’t do the night before to make sure you’re in the best possible shape the next morning. Things You Should Do Eat a satisfying and healthy dinner -ideally something with produce, fruits/vegetables, and whole grains. Your brain needs fuel! On that note,plan your breakfast for the next morning.Something quick, easy, and filling should do the trick, like whole-grain cereal or a bowl of oatmeal. Get to bed earlier than usual - maybe 30-60 minutes prior to your normal bedtime. This gives you a bit more time to fall asleep if you're having trouble. Take a shower to save time the next morning.This may also help you relax and get to sleep. If your normal routine is to shower in the morning, though, then skip this step. Still having trouble falling asleep?Here are some things you can try: Gentle stretches (no cardio!) Listening to relaxing music A warm bath Caffeine-free tea (chamomile is always a good choice) You can't go wrong with a cup of tea if you need to wind down and relax. Things To Avoid Disrupting your regular routine. Our normal bedtime rituals help prepare us to fall asleep - try not to deviate too much from what you’d normally do. Playing video games, texting, or surfing the internet.Staring at screens for fewhours before you head to bed can keep you up longer than you’d like. Taking any sleep aids. Unless sleep medications are part of your normal bedtime routine, avoid them. They can make it really difficult to wake up the next morning, and you don’t know if you’ll have other adverse reactions. Prepare for the ACT You might be feeling pressure to cram as much info as you can into your brain the night before the test. You want to make sure you remember as much stuff as possible, right? Well, stressful cramming might do more harm than good. The ACT isn’t a test where memorizing factoids will help you perform better - the best preparation strategy is a long-term one. Ultimately, there are a couple of ways you could â€Å"prep† for the ACT the night before the test without stressing yourself out. Here are your options: Strategy #1: Don't Prepare at All If you feel well-prepared for the ACT - or even if you don’t - there's not much you can do toprocessimportant, helpful information the night before the test. Good ACT prep happens through long-term practice, not short-term cramming. Last-minute prep for any test tends to stress me out, so I avoid it. If you feel the same way, this is probably the strategy for you. Strategy #2:Briefly Review Key Concepts or Problems Some students might get nervous if they’re missing out on time to review tricky concepts or practice problems. It would be silly to actively avoid ACT preparation if this would stress you out more than flipping through your study materials. The best way to approach Strategy #2 is to work through a few practice problems on paper (remember, stay away from screens). You don’t want to pick particularly difficult problems - we’re trying to avoid stress - but reviewing problems that’ll help you start thinking through weaker skill areas may help ease some of your anxiety. Putting Your Best Foot Forward: The Morning of the ACT No matter what you ended up doing the night before, there are a few things you can do the morning of the ACT to make sure you do as well as possible. Here are the most important steps you can take to ensure success: Eat breakfast.Hopefully, you’ve planned one the night before, but if not, make sure to grab something on the way out the door. Avoid caffeine, unless you usually have caffeine in the mornings. It’ll make you more jittery and anxious than awake and alert. Caffeine also acts as a diuretic, which means more bathroom breaks for you during the ACT - this could lead to less time available to work on the test. Take the test one step at a time. Once a section is over, it’s over - your only responsibility is to the section you’re currently working on. Try not to let concerns about earlier sections of the ACT affect your performance. Treat yourself! Taking the ACT is stressful and exhausting. Plan on doing something nice for yourself - like getting lunch with a friend, going for a nice run, or even watching episodes of your favorite TV show - after you’re finished with the test. No matter how you feel about how the test went, remember that you followed through on a really important commitment - that’s a big deal! If this is the first time you take the ACT, and you plan on taking the test a second time, this first test will serve as a really important learning experience. Good luck, and (who knows), maybe even have fun! Think of the ACT as a marathon, not a sprint. What's Next? You know now what to do the night before the ACT, but what aboutbefore that? Don't worry - we've got you covered. You'll want to start off by checking out our last-minute tips and strategies for taking the ACT. If you have more than a night to prepare for the test but you're still on a tight schedule, you'll definitely want to take advantage of our 10-day ACT study guide. If you're just looking for some easy reading to ease your nerves before the test, check out our guide to the ACT rules and regulations you have to know before the test. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

Profile of Serial Killer Jerry Brudos, AKA the Lust Killer

Profile of Serial Killer Jerry Brudos, AKA the Lust Killer Jerry Brudos was a shoe fetishist, serial killer, rapist, torturer, and necrophiliac who stalked women around Portland, Oregon in 1968 and 1969. The Early Years Jerry Brudos love for shoes began at the age of five after he rescued a pair of high-heel shoes from the garbage. As he grew older, his unusual interest in shoes developed into a fetish which he satisfied by breaking into homes to steal shoes and womens underwear. When he was in his teens he added violence to his repertoire and began knocking down girls, choking them until they were unconscious, then stealing their shoes. At age 17 he was sent to the Oregon State Hospital psychiatric ward after he confessed to holding a girl at knife-point in a hole he dug in the side of a hill for the purpose of keeping sex slaves. There he forced her to pose nude while he took pictures. Brudos was released from the hospital after nine months, even though it was clear he had developed a need to act out his violent fantasies towards women. According to his hospital records, his violence toward women developed from a deep hatred he felt for his mother. Married With Children Once out of the hospital he finished high school and became an electronics technician. Whether he refrained from acting out on his obsessions over the next few years or he just didnt get caught is unknown. What is known is that he married, moved to Portland, Oregon and he and his wife had two children. His mother later joined the family in their small suburban home. Brudos relationship with his wife began to falter after he approached her dressed in womens underwear. Up to that point, she had gone along with his strange bedroom habits, including his request that she walk around the house nude. Rejected by her lack of understanding of his need to wear womens underwear, he retreated to his workshop which was off-limits to the family. No longer intimate, the two remained married despite his wife discovering pictures of nude women and an odd molded breast among her husbands possessions. Brudos Known Victims Between 1968 and 1969 women in and around the Portland area began to disappear. In January 1968, Linda Slawson, 19, working as a door-to-door encyclopedia salesperson, happened to knock on Brudos door. He later confessed to killing her, then cutting off her left foot to use as a model for his collection of stolen shoes. His next victim was Jan Whitney, 23, whose car broke down while driving home from college in November 1968. Brudos later admitted to strangling Whitney in her car, then having sex with her body and bringing her corpse back to his workshop where he continued to violate the body for several days while it hung from a hook on his ceiling. Before disposing of her body he cut off her right breast in order to make a mold from it in the hopes of making paperweights. On March 27, 1969, Karen Sprinker, 19, vanished from the parking garage of a department store where she was to meet her mother for lunch. Brudos later confessed to forcing her into his car at gunpoint, then bringing her to his workshop where he raped her and forced her to put on various womens underwear and pose for pictures. He then killed her by hanging her from the hook in his ceiling. As with his other victims, he violated her corpse, then removed both breasts and disposed of her body. Linda Salee, 22, became Brudos next and last known victim. In April 1969 he kidnapped her from a shopping mall, brought her to his home and raped and then strangled her to death. Like all of his victims, he disposed of her body in a nearby lake. The End of the Killing Spree During the two-year killing spree, Brudos attacked several other women who managed to escape. The clues they were able to provide police eventually led them to Brudos door. While in custody at police headquarters, Brudos gave a detailed confession of the four murders. A search of his home gave police the additional evidence they needed to convict Brudos of three of the four murders. Included in the evidence were various photographs he took of his victims posed in his collection of womens underwear, parts of the corpses which had been found in a lake, along with some of his victims body parts stored in his home. He was convicted and given the death penalty and a life sentence. On March 28, 2006, Brudos, 67, was found dead in his cell at Oregon State Penitentiary. It was determined that he died of natural causes. Source Rule, Ann. Lust Killer. Books: Lust Killer by Ann Rule

Journaling Exercise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Journaling Exercise - Essay Example In the light of the educations systems failure, there are questions to pose to the educators: Do educators teach about poverty? In order to attain the education system goals to solve the problem of poverty, America should change the education system to include poverty, poverty reduction strategies and effects of poverty. Singer in his article mentions these strategies to restructure the education system (Singer, 2009). Singer being a renown author in the field of ethics brings about a point in his argument. He looks at the topic of poverty as being narrowly covered in international development. However, singer proposition is that the system should integrate it in economics, ethics, cultural studies and sociology. Political science, a social science should have an in-depth coverage of poverty as a topic of study. Science courses should be designed to equip learners with skills to solve the poverty problem. And the psychology and other social sciences should analyze the view of not helping other countries. In the view of this major fields of study other important ones that should be part of the solution are: medicine and law (medical student should strive to reduce diseases and law scholars are to develop legal regimes that dont sanction trade with dictators) (Rivera-Batiz, 2001). Public education is also another key solution, as education the public about poverty changes the view of the people on poverty. Singer suggests that there be a modification on art and cultural values to eliminate poverty. Another view I get is that the lack of funds is a hindrance to the organizations that seek to provide assistance to the society. The issues tackled by this non-governmental organization are poverty reduction and health-care services. The united nations children fund (UNICEF) is a humanitarian and development assistance

LEGAL IMPLICATIONS IN HUMAN RESOURCES CASE ASSIGNMENT 1 EMPLOYMENT LAW Essay

LEGAL IMPLICATIONS IN HUMAN RESOURCES CASE ASSIGNMENT 1 EMPLOYMENT LAW - Essay Example There have been a number of changes in terms of the industrial environment and employment laws due to the changes in terms of the global economic environment. It is the responsibility of the company to ensure that all human resources are managed and work in sync with the labor laws and employment laws. Here this plan includes detailed explanation of the changes in the laws and this will prove to be beneficial for the human resources team to deal with the various employment laws across the various locations. The next sections will deal with the changes in the employment and labor law. Changes in Employment and Labor Law: There have been a number changes and amendments in the employment labor laws. The subsections below detail these changes. a) Equal Employment Opportunity and Health and Safety Act: The government has implemented laws like EEOQ and OSHA in order to control issues like age and gender discrimination. All the states where the company operates including the two locations i n India follow the federal labor department regulation (The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission). Here it has been set down by law that the countries cannot discriminate among employees based on the age, gender, nationality, race, color, or disability. Also, it is mandatory for the firms to provide the employees with sufficient health and safety benefits. Here it has been altered to ages of 18 to 55 (United States Department of Labour). b) Human Trafficking: One of the most recent changes in the employment law was the human trafficking. The issue of human trafficking has been intense and here people are forced to move out of their home or country and are forced to work for low or no pay at all (Students & Artists Fighting to End Human Slavery). This law has been revised and the law now states that people below the age of 18 if exploited for profits through different means like prostitution will be severely punished under the first degree punishments. Locations like India, I ndiana, Kansas and Florida do not allow people to be pressurized or manhandled to work without pay. India has taken a number of steps to help reduce the issue of human trafficking and the country has strengthened its human trafficking law to a great extent (Students & Artists Fighting to End Human Slavery). The state of Kansas has also included a strict penalty for human trafficking. It is crucial for the firms to be clear about the law and to pay the employees correctly based on the regulations set down by the employment law. c) Minimum Wages: The minimum wage has also been increased as of 1st January 2011 and now companies are expected to pay a minimum of $7.35 per hour (United States Department of Labour). However in terms of other locations like India and Tennessee there are no set minimum wages. d) Prevailing Wages: There have not been major changes in terms of the prevailing wages. The companies are expected to pay the fringe benefits and also the bonus activities as per the l ocal going rate (Employee Issues). The main change occurred in this employment law is related to the equal pay and fringe benefits for the private sector employees as the government sector employees are gaining. It is crucial for the company to provide the employees with the minimum wages and the prevalent benefits as per the different locations like Hawaii, Indiana, India and

Individual Assigment Essay Example for Free

Individual Assigment Essay Narration: The world of technology has evolved over the years, and that means the need for technology has increased as well. Businesses have evolved over time with the use of technology, it allows us to shop, sell, trade, and function overseas. As I read over your business plan it seems that it is designed to compete in the local market, as well as add value to the community. Technology will play a huge part in both, it allows you to create and implement a plan that will help increase profit and customer satisfaction. As your business will compete in the local market, you will need to consider implementing Enterprise 2.0 or Web 2.0. Both Enterprise 2.0 and Web 2.0 offer many benefits to help your company succeed and grow with the ever changing economy and local market, both will allow your company to widen your market from county to county, state to state and even other countries. Enterprise 2.0 The attributes of Enterprise 2.0 practices can be very useful and sufficient in brainstorming, sharing, and evaluating ideas by utilizing enterprise social networking. Enterprise 2.0 helps business decrease IT costs by decreasing the amount of hardware and software that is needed (McAfee, 2010). Enterprise 2.0 would be a good asset to your business, it would keep it cost down and allow the marketing that you need to be competitive in your local market. Web 2.0 Web 2.0 also has many beneficial factors that would also be a good asset to your company, it includes social networking sites that would create great marketing tools, it allows you to create website which can also be a great tool for marketing and it allows you the user to be in control over the data  used. Web 2.0 offer rich user experience, user participation, scalability, and freedom. Web 2.0 offers a wide variety of marketing tools as well as creating a safe and valuable way to increase profit, and safe guard your assets (McAfee, 2010). .

Star Dreck: Paranoia & Patriotism in Alien Invasion Films :: essays papers

Star Dreck: Paranoia & Patriotism in Alien Invasion Films My premise is really quite simple: aliens are among us.And they're bad.But they're not the aliens you think they are, and they're not bad for the reasons you might imagine.In order to understand who these aliens are and why they're bad I want to begin by reaching back into the dark heart of the McCarthy era, when American paranoia in its most popular incarnation as American patriotism was at its peak.The year is 1951 and the film is Howard Hawkes' The Thing: From Another World. For those of you who have somehow come this far in your otherwise admirable education without once seeing this influencial film, a brief synopsis: a group of scientists at the North Pole discover a flying saucer buried in the ice, and with it the body of a man from Mars.Unintentionally, they blow up the saucer and melt the Martian.The thawed Martian, or Thing, proceeds to run amok, killing scientists and draining their blood in order to nourish its progeny.Importantly, a group of visiting air force men have taken over in this moment of crisis, a coup which the film seems to believe requires no justification.Thus the major conflict is defined; not, that is, between man and Martian, but between soldier and scientist.The leader of the scientists, Dr. Carrington--who is referred to earlier in the film as both a genius and, more significantly, the "man who was at Bikini," thus aligning him with the H-bomb--is portrayed as arrogant, cold, precise, unemotional, i.e., everything we've come t o expect from a card-carrying 1950s egghead.In the four short scenes I'm about to show you, Dr. Carrington demonstrates just what we have to fear. Thus the film has given us an intellectual whose chief characteristic is that he admires things more than people, aliens more than Americans.Carrington suggests that the Thing is in every way superior to the humans with which he is surrounded, and he is entirely willing to sacrifice himself and the others in order to add the alien's superior knowledge to the "brain," as he calls it, of his own culture.We might see in Carrington an enthusiasm for other ways of thinking and being taken to suicidal extremes, a sort of multicultural mania. The soldiers, on the other hand, understand the mortal threat the Thing represents from the very beginning; in fact, they can't even stand to look at it--a deep-seated aversion which sets the plot in motion, as it causes a soldier to put a blanket over the block of ice which contains the Thing, thus melting the ice and setting it free. Star Dreck: Paranoia & Patriotism in Alien Invasion Films :: essays papers Star Dreck: Paranoia & Patriotism in Alien Invasion Films My premise is really quite simple: aliens are among us.And they're bad.But they're not the aliens you think they are, and they're not bad for the reasons you might imagine.In order to understand who these aliens are and why they're bad I want to begin by reaching back into the dark heart of the McCarthy era, when American paranoia in its most popular incarnation as American patriotism was at its peak.The year is 1951 and the film is Howard Hawkes' The Thing: From Another World. For those of you who have somehow come this far in your otherwise admirable education without once seeing this influencial film, a brief synopsis: a group of scientists at the North Pole discover a flying saucer buried in the ice, and with it the body of a man from Mars.Unintentionally, they blow up the saucer and melt the Martian.The thawed Martian, or Thing, proceeds to run amok, killing scientists and draining their blood in order to nourish its progeny.Importantly, a group of visiting air force men have taken over in this moment of crisis, a coup which the film seems to believe requires no justification.Thus the major conflict is defined; not, that is, between man and Martian, but between soldier and scientist.The leader of the scientists, Dr. Carrington--who is referred to earlier in the film as both a genius and, more significantly, the "man who was at Bikini," thus aligning him with the H-bomb--is portrayed as arrogant, cold, precise, unemotional, i.e., everything we've come t o expect from a card-carrying 1950s egghead.In the four short scenes I'm about to show you, Dr. Carrington demonstrates just what we have to fear. Thus the film has given us an intellectual whose chief characteristic is that he admires things more than people, aliens more than Americans.Carrington suggests that the Thing is in every way superior to the humans with which he is surrounded, and he is entirely willing to sacrifice himself and the others in order to add the alien's superior knowledge to the "brain," as he calls it, of his own culture.We might see in Carrington an enthusiasm for other ways of thinking and being taken to suicidal extremes, a sort of multicultural mania. The soldiers, on the other hand, understand the mortal threat the Thing represents from the very beginning; in fact, they can't even stand to look at it--a deep-seated aversion which sets the plot in motion, as it causes a soldier to put a blanket over the block of ice which contains the Thing, thus melting the ice and setting it free.

Leopold the Land Ethic

â€Å"The Land Ethic† by Aldo Leopold â€Å"The Land Ethic†is an individual essay that was collected from the major publication â€Å"The Sand County Almanac† written by Aldo Leopold during his life time, and it was published one year after his death in 1949. This essay was read by many people during his lifetime and was a powerful force in ecological sphere for many years. Leopold collected all his knowledge in this major publication, and in â€Å"The Land Ethic† he calls for people's attention in order to preserve the environment, protect the land from changing, and protect species from the extinction.Aldo Leopold in â€Å"The Lend Ethic† explains to his readers what is meant by land ethic. It's a sort of combination of rules about what is right and what is wrong, and Leopold writes that it â€Å"is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of the biotic community† and â€Å"is wrong when it tends otherwise†. In the chapter â€Å"The Ecological Conscience† Leopold writes that this ecological set of â€Å"rules† can not be written down on a paper as a book of laws, because â€Å"obligations have no meaning without conscience, and the problem we face is the extension of the social conscience from people to land†.What the author means is that people must take action by following the rules either written on paper or not. â€Å"Education must precede rules† writes Leopold in his essay. People should be more educated regarding the conservations they have and understand that without land ethic there is going to be no â€Å"place to compete for†. In my point of view, Leopold is absolutely right at this point and as a result, we can see thousands of species that are already extinct forever from the face of the planet. Our future generations will not have a chance to see them.As an example, Wikipedia Encyclopedia gives a wide variety of those species that were extinct and will never be seen on this planet. The tragic part is that most of those species disappeared as a result of mankind's unethical decisions. That is why it is so important to understand the idea and the whole point of the land ethic in order to truly follow the â€Å"unwritten† rules of ethic. Leopold raises one of the very important issues of the humanity today, and it is a land use. By mentioning the land Leopold means â€Å"soils, waters, plants, and animals†.He concerned about how people can abuse the land in nowadays and exterminate all resources that it provides. When the author talks about resources he says that lend ethic suppose to â€Å"affirm their right to continued existence†. The main ideology of the land ethic is that people should be responsible for their actions when they use land and keep it in the original condition like they received it when they came on this land. In my point of view, in order for people to establish the kind of l and ethic that Leopold describes, people should take action seriously on what is happening today.People should switch to a clean natural energy sources like wind, water, and sun. There should be stricter regulations on factorial’s waste, because still most of the factories dump into the close by river or ocean, which causes deaths of thousands of animals. Cars and trucks should minimize exhaust gases in a larger proportion then we see it today, because only very few people can afford driving expensive electric cars or hybrids. Those types of cars should be more accessible through cheaper prices and government help.As of today, our government doesn't help people who are concerned about the environment, and there is no budget for that. Government doesn't see any economical advantage in helping those people, because â€Å"the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid† – writes Leopold in â€Å"Substitutes for a Land Ethic†. In my point of view, this i s a critical mistake, and I agree with Leopold at his point, that â€Å"a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided†. Today's ideology is if some species don’t have any economic value they will be exterminated.For example, timber crops â€Å"grow too slowly, or have too low a sale value to pay†. Moreover, it's not only some specific species that luck on economic value, but there are entire biotic communities, like â€Å"marshes, bogs, dunes, and deserts†. Is that mean that we should get rid of those things as well? Things like dunes and deserts are homes for millions of species. In order for people to develop a conscience with regard to their use and abuse of the land, they should clearly understand the land pyramid system.Leopold talks about the importance of the land pyramid in â€Å"The Land Ethic†. The land pyramid is a sort of a food chain structure, where mankind is tightly involved. Soil, plants, in sects, and animals are all tightly involved in this food chain and cannot survive without the existence of one another. Soil provides food for plants, plants for insects, insects for animals, and â€Å"man shares an intermediate layer with the bears, raccoons, and squirrels which eat both meat and vegetables†.At this point, people should clearly realize that by exterminating of one of these layers humankind exterminates itself. By abusing the land people can loose everything they have today, and it can be no future for people. Realizing people's position in the land pyramid can help people to understand how important it is to protect every single layer of the pyramid, and preserve what they have. In my point of view, people should follow land ethics and respect what the land gives them. People should be thankful to the land for what it gives them.For example, when it comes to the use of natural resources, people should think about the environment and not damage what was natur ally created. They should not interfere or destroy the natural cycle, otherwise it can lead to disastrous consequences. Even though people don't see from their perspective that some things such as dunes, deserts, and rocks can bring economical or financial value, it doesn't mean that they can get rid of them. They are valued beyond an economical standpoint; they can protect lands from flooding and prevent millions of species from extinction.When it comes to me personally and what I do in order to follow ethical values, I take responsibility for my actions. For example, I recycle plastic bottles and bags, or when I go out to the forest with my friends I never leave trash behind. Maybe my actions seem too little when it comes to a global issues, but I believe that anything big starts from a little. I really hope that more people will follow Leopold's ideas, and all together we can make a difference. | | Leopold the Land Ethic â€Å"The Land Ethic† by Aldo Leopold â€Å"The Land Ethic†is an individual essay that was collected from the major publication â€Å"The Sand County Almanac† written by Aldo Leopold during his life time, and it was published one year after his death in 1949. This essay was read by many people during his lifetime and was a powerful force in ecological sphere for many years. Leopold collected all his knowledge in this major publication, and in â€Å"The Land Ethic† he calls for people's attention in order to preserve the environment, protect the land from changing, and protect species from the extinction.Aldo Leopold in â€Å"The Lend Ethic† explains to his readers what is meant by land ethic. It's a sort of combination of rules about what is right and what is wrong, and Leopold writes that it â€Å"is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of the biotic community† and â€Å"is wrong when it tends otherwise†. In the chapter â€Å"The Ecological Conscience† Leopold writes that this ecological set of â€Å"rules† can not be written down on a paper as a book of laws, because â€Å"obligations have no meaning without conscience, and the problem we face is the extension of the social conscience from people to land†.What the author means is that people must take action by following the rules either written on paper or not. â€Å"Education must precede rules† writes Leopold in his essay. People should be more educated regarding the conservations they have and understand that without land ethic there is going to be no â€Å"place to compete for†. In my point of view, Leopold is absolutely right at this point and as a result, we can see thousands of species that are already extinct forever from the face of the planet. Our future generations will not have a chance to see them.As an example, Wikipedia Encyclopedia gives a wide variety of those species that were extinct and will never be seen on this planet. The tragic part is that most of those species disappeared as a result of mankind's unethical decisions. That is why it is so important to understand the idea and the whole point of the land ethic in order to truly follow the â€Å"unwritten† rules of ethic. Leopold raises one of the very important issues of the humanity today, and it is a land use. By mentioning the land Leopold means â€Å"soils, waters, plants, and animals†.He concerned about how people can abuse the land in nowadays and exterminate all resources that it provides. When the author talks about resources he says that lend ethic suppose to â€Å"affirm their right to continued existence†. The main ideology of the land ethic is that people should be responsible for their actions when they use land and keep it in the original condition like they received it when they came on this land. In my point of view, in order for people to establish the kind of l and ethic that Leopold describes, people should take action seriously on what is happening today.People should switch to a clean natural energy sources like wind, water, and sun. There should be stricter regulations on factorial’s waste, because still most of the factories dump into the close by river or ocean, which causes deaths of thousands of animals. Cars and trucks should minimize exhaust gases in a larger proportion then we see it today, because only very few people can afford driving expensive electric cars or hybrids. Those types of cars should be more accessible through cheaper prices and government help.As of today, our government doesn't help people who are concerned about the environment, and there is no budget for that. Government doesn't see any economical advantage in helping those people, because â€Å"the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid† – writes Leopold in â€Å"Substitutes for a Land Ethic†. In my point of view, this i s a critical mistake, and I agree with Leopold at his point, that â€Å"a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided†. Today's ideology is if some species don’t have any economic value they will be exterminated.For example, timber crops â€Å"grow too slowly, or have too low a sale value to pay†. Moreover, it's not only some specific species that luck on economic value, but there are entire biotic communities, like â€Å"marshes, bogs, dunes, and deserts†. Is that mean that we should get rid of those things as well? Things like dunes and deserts are homes for millions of species. In order for people to develop a conscience with regard to their use and abuse of the land, they should clearly understand the land pyramid system.Leopold talks about the importance of the land pyramid in â€Å"The Land Ethic†. The land pyramid is a sort of a food chain structure, where mankind is tightly involved. Soil, plants, in sects, and animals are all tightly involved in this food chain and cannot survive without the existence of one another. Soil provides food for plants, plants for insects, insects for animals, and â€Å"man shares an intermediate layer with the bears, raccoons, and squirrels which eat both meat and vegetables†.At this point, people should clearly realize that by exterminating of one of these layers humankind exterminates itself. By abusing the land people can loose everything they have today, and it can be no future for people. Realizing people's position in the land pyramid can help people to understand how important it is to protect every single layer of the pyramid, and preserve what they have. In my point of view, people should follow land ethics and respect what the land gives them. People should be thankful to the land for what it gives them.For example, when it comes to the use of natural resources, people should think about the environment and not damage what was natur ally created. They should not interfere or destroy the natural cycle, otherwise it can lead to disastrous consequences. Even though people don't see from their perspective that some things such as dunes, deserts, and rocks can bring economical or financial value, it doesn't mean that they can get rid of them. They are valued beyond an economical standpoint; they can protect lands from flooding and prevent millions of species from extinction.When it comes to me personally and what I do in order to follow ethical values, I take responsibility for my actions. For example, I recycle plastic bottles and bags, or when I go out to the forest with my friends I never leave trash behind. Maybe my actions seem too little when it comes to a global issues, but I believe that anything big starts from a little. I really hope that more people will follow Leopold's ideas, and all together we can make a difference. | |

Vestas in Russia

Vestas in Russia Introduction For my exam project in International Business Environment I have chosen to write about the Danish cooperate Vestas Wind Systems A/S (referred to as Vestas throughout the paper). Vestas is the world’s largest producer of wind turbines and in addition to this it is also the leading company when it comes to green technology regarding wind energy . Vestas not only serves the Danish domestic market, but the company is also present on several foreign markets in other parts of Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia and North and South America. With over 22. 00 employees spread over 35 countries Vestas is categorized as being a multinational cooperation. As for the market of entry I have chosen The Russian Federation (referred to as Russia throughout the paper). Vestas has not yet entered the Russian market so my exam project will be a hypothetical one. One could question why a global actor like Vestas not already has entered a market with so big opportunities a s Russia, but along with visions for great profit comes the reality of great risks and challenges as well. Russia is a vast market for windmills taking the size of the country and the climate debate into perspective.The country is the fourth largest consumer of electricity in the world , but lack of technology hinder Russia to produce it in a climate friendly way. The relevance of a successor to the Kyoto Protocol is at its highest and Russia has expressed great will to find sustainable solutions for its large electricity consumption. Companies capable of exploiting such market are in position for massive gains. This is however easier said than done. Denmark and Russia differ on several aspects of their countries’ structures and Danish companies planning on doing business in Russia hence carefully have to consider these differences.In this paper I will first describe and motivate the entry strategy of Vestas by using John Dunning’s OLI-framework . In this context I wil l argue why more advanced forms of FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) are appropriate for Vestas when entering Russia. Furthermore I will analyze the differences between Vestas’ home market conditions in Denmark, and the conditions of the target market, Russia, regarding adjustments in the marketing mix. To illuminate this section I will use E. Jerome McCarthy’s principle of the four P’s .Lastly I will summarize the above mentioned and discuss the best internationalization strategy for Vestas. Vestas’ competitiveness In order to describe and motivate the entry strategy of Vestas I will outline the advantages based on John H. Dunning’s OLI-framework. Although Vestas already has expanded into many different countries with regards to different culture, political systems and business systems it is not always suitable to use the same entry strategy although the firm is the same in every case. O – Ownership advantage: Vestas’ competitive advan tageThe O in Dunning’s OLI-framework of specific advantages deals with the Ownership advantage. To expand into new markets Vestas has to be in possession of something that gives the company an advantage compared to its competitors. Vestas has a clear ownership advantage first and foremost in form of its technology and know-how. Denmark has exploited wind energy since 1850s with the purpose of making agriculture more efficient. In the beginning of the 1970s the oil crisis influenced Denmark as well, and to avoid another economic breakdown the Danish government searched for an alternative energy industry.Vestas had already done R&D (Research and development) and tried out the construction of windmills since 1971. However they first entered the market in 1979 with a licensed windmill. In the development of the required technology, subsidy from the government and research on RISO (The National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy) has had a vast significance for Vestas, enabling it to play the leading role it does today. Besides the support from the government, Denmark has a highly skilled labor force, which of course also adds to Vests’ ownership advantage.Nevertheless as Lars Andersen (Managing Director of Vestas’ Sales) mentions, it is not only the technology and the skilled employees that give Vestas an ownership advantage: â€Å"However, it also has to do with our ability to deliver on time, the fact that things work from day one, and, in particular, the fact that we fulfill customers’ expectations for a good, reliable return on their investment. In other words, we are not simply selling a wind turbine†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Vestas does not only manufacture and sell the wind turbines, it also provides installation and subsequent after-sales-service, which not many Russian competitors can match.Vestas is, in addition to the above mentioned, a multinational company with more than 30 years of experience and is therefore in a greater position tha n later emerged firms. Vestas is on top of this a world-known and respected brand with focus on quality and is represented in 35 countries spread out all over the world. The company has the largest market share, 24,8% , of the global market, which again places Vestas in a favorable situation when it comes to taking advantage of for instance the experience curve. L – Location advantageThe L in Dunning’s OLI-framework deals with the location advantage. Saying there should be an advantage for Vestas for doing business in Russia as a location for export or more advanced forms of FDI. Russia is geographically an enormous country (covers over 17 million square miles) and includes areas with a very low population density. These areas have great potential for windmill parks and the coastal areas of the Pacific and Arctic Oceans, the vast steppes and the mountains are the areas of highest potential.On the other hand it would also be favorable to place the wind energy system in regions where there is an existing power infrastructure and major industrial consumers. Areas, which fulfill these requirements, are the steppes along the Volga River, the northern Caucasus Mountains and various locations in Siberia including the Chukotka Peninsula in the Magadan region . Chukotka Peninsula is especially to prefer, because of its already existing hydropower stations, which could be used to compensate for the possible intermittent wind power.Another location advantage for Vestas is the fact that the Russian population is the fourth largest consumer of electricity in the world. Hence there is a demand for Vestas’ products and in particular when taking the Russian will to reduce greenhouse emission into consideration. Russia is willing to play an active role regarding the improvement of the global heating problem. The country has already reached its commitment stated in the Kyoto-protocol, but the Russian president Dmitri Medvedev declares that Russia â€Å"wou ld try to reduce greenhouse emissions by 25% by 2020. † The quotation signals a will from the government o find more sustainable solutions for production in Russia, and because Vestas does â€Å"business to business† and â€Å"business to government† commerce, it is of great importance with prospect for government interest and support. In this setting it is worth mentioning that The Ministry of The Russian Federation has published â€Å"The 2020 Energy Strategy†, which describes how to reach the new goal by prioritizing, among other things, ecological energy security through energy policy. In addition to the above-mentioned advantages of Russia as a location for Vestas’ expansion come the possibilities of reducing the overall production costs.As it is with most emerging markets, like Russia, wages are lower than in more developed markets like Denmark. Hence by moving production to Russia Vestas would be able to compete on both quality and price, alt hough their main focus most likely would be on quality . The location advantage is even greater when taking into consideration that there are no real national or international competitive competitors settled in the market yet, hence there is a possibility of a first mover advantage for Vestas as well.Notable is nevertheless also the risk for a first-mover disadvantage in terms of costs and risks when preparing the market for the ‘new’ product. I – Internationalization advantage If Vestas expanded into Russia it would strengthen its position of being â€Å"No. 1 in Modern Energy†, which was Vestas’ slogan before the recent switch to: †Wind. It means the world to us†. Furthermore if Vestas gained the first mover advantage it would give the company control over one of the worlds biggest markets. The internationalization advantage is gained in form of a proper entry mode.The chosen entry mode is of great advantage if it is selected in accord ance to Vestas’ now described ownership advantage and Russia’s location advantages. Vestas’ main ownership advantage is their know-how and technology while the location advantage of Russia primarily are the huge market possibilities and the government’s positive attitude towards renewable energy sources. What remains is, which type of entry mode that exploits both Vestas’ ownership advantage and Russia’s location advantage?Would licensing or exporting be the best-suited entry mode or should Vestas take greater risks and do more advanced FDI? Vestas wants to keep their know-how, but by pursuing a licensing entry mode, spillovers will occur. Vestas would have little control over production, giving possibilities for competitors to emerge and quickly become as efficient as Vestas. Exporting is neither a favorable entry for Vestas. The transportation costs are extremely high, when it comes to the final products. Each piece of the windmill weights approximately 250 tons and thus not suited for export.Other obstacles for the export as an entry mode are the protectionist policies and Russian trade barriers as for instance high tariffs. Vestas would have to pay up to 20% tariff + an additional charge (Value Added Tax) of another 18%, making a total of 38% for exporting its products into Russia. Russia ranks 162 out of 183 countries on the list of ease to do cross border trading with. To compare, Denmark ranks 6 which means that the products produced expensively in Denmark becomes more expensive by being exported to Russia.This situation will of course change if Russia gets its membership in the WTO, but this is not yet achieved. To sum up Vestas needs to move in with plants in Russia and with more advanced FDI to protect its know-how asset and to stay competitive. There are two options for this being either a joint venture or a wholly owned subsidiary. The most obvious solution would be the wholly owned subsidiary, where Vestas could protect its know-how by owning 100 % of the stocks. On the other hand there is a time perspective to consider as well.Siemens, one of Vestas German competitors, have recently announced plans on moving into the Russian market on a large scale . Setting up a wholly owned subsidiary as a green field venture takes a lot of time and the alternative of an acquisition is not an option since Vestas has core values and does not want to take over existing operating routines and enterprise culture. Another aspect, which is important to these considerations, is the fact that corruption and bureaucracy, which makes connections and personal relations very important for success, mark Russian business.Setting up a joint venture with a local firm solves this problem for Vestas, since Vestas would benefit from the partner’s country specific knowledge of culture, language, political systems, business systems and local connections. A joint venture is at the same time a less risky (capital vise) and less time-demanding entry mode, than a wholly owned entry mode, which Vestas needs to take into considerations in order to prevent falling behind Siemens. The major disadvantage of choosing a joint venture is of course the risk of spillover, eading to future competitors. On the other hand it is possible to construct the joint venture to minimize this risk. Vestas needs to engage in a joint venture where it owns the majority of the cooperation and thus is able to remain control. One might argue that it would be difficult to find a company, which would accept to own minority of the joint venture, but taken the undeveloped market into consideration, it should not be a huge problem. There are only a few local firms in the windmill industry in Russia.All of these would most likely be interested in boosting their profit (value creation) and it is not an unattractive offer to join the world leading windmill cooperate in a first mover attempt with prospect of a significant future market share in the Russian market. The joint venture and expansion of Vestas would also have to be on a large scale to be able to capture demand, establish a strong brand name and realize economies of scale. This would no matter what be an ideal opportunity for any local producer in Russia, although they would have to accept Vestas owning the majority of the joint venture.Differences and adjustments There are several aspects where the Russian market conditions differ from the Danish market conditions. These are necessary to look at in order to outline the needed adjustments for Vestas’ marketing mix. Differences in market conditions When comparing Russia and Denmark regarding the ease to do business in, it is very clear that there is a vast gap between the two. According to a survey by The World Bank, Denmark ranks 6 whereas Russia ranks 120 out of 183 countries (1 being the easiest country to do business in).I could therefore point at several diverging market conditions, b ut because of limitations of this paper I have chosen to focus on the following four: Infrastructure, climate, GDP per capita and the level of corruption. One might argue that ‘climate’ is not of great importance when speaking of market conditions, but in my opinion it is a very significance factor in this case concerning the marketing mix, which I will elaborate on in the following section. Infrastructure is important for Vestas when it comes to distribution of the company’s products.When looking at infrastructure in Russia and Denmark the most noteworthy factor is distances and terrain. Russia is the largest country in the world covering 11 time zones and it does not entail deep analysis to conclude that it requires great coordinated logistic to create a well functional infrastructure. This has for several of reasons not yet succeeded for Russia and the country’s infrastructure is hence very fragmented. An uneven terrain with low population density and n ature impediments as rivers and mountains has hindered buildings of proper roads and connections, which have a great influence on Vestas’ ease of doing business.Because of the enormous extent of Russia, the climate varies a lot from the coasts to the mid-country and from the west (Europe side) to the east (Asian side). The temperature fluctuates between the extremes of -65  °C in the winters and +40 °C in the summers. The wind is an important factor to look at in this case as well, because Russia possesses areas with all degrees (categorized as: Low, medium and high) of wind power. The climate differences is thus of great importance regarding Vestas’ product differentiation. Moving focus to the more economic orientated difference in market conditions is the GDP per capita (PPP).Russia’s GDP per capita is low compared to Denmark’s. According to the ranking done by International Monetary Fond, Russia ranks 51 in contrast to Denmark’s ranking as 1 7th . This means that Russian consumers, including the government and large enterprises, have less purchasing power compared to the Danish consumers. Little purchasing power could be an obstacle for Vestas. If consumers don’t have much money to spend, they would most likely not have the mental surplus to think of the environmental dimension by burning fossil fuels.If generating electricity the cheapest and easiest means exploiting fossil fuels, this is what they will do. However higher purchasing power (higher GDP per capita) results in the means to be able to prioritize such things as future global environment. Looking at the energy produced in Russia, over 60% of the electricity generated is based on gas- and coal power whereas less than 1% of the electricity generated is based on renewable energy production . In contrast stands Denmark, where wind power alone in 2008 generated 18,9% of the Danish electricity demand .The growth in GDP per capita in Russia was before the eco nomic crisis, around 7-8% . This is promising for Vestas as a continuous high growth in GDP per capita means a more developed economy, higher purchasing power and therefore increased interest in products like the ones Vestas offers. The fourth difference I have chosen to outline is the high level of corruption in Russia. Russia ranks number 146, whereas Denmark ranks number 2 (1 being the less corrupt) in the Corruption Perceptions Index (2009) made by Transparency International.Vestas has no power to end corruption by itself, so instead it should focus on how to deal with it in business situations. Adjustments in marketing mix: The four P’s I will use E. Jerome McCarthy’s principle of the four P’s: Place, Product, Price and Promotion to analyze the needed adjustments for Vestas’ marketing mix. The four differences (infrastructure, climate, energy production and level of corruption) described in the previous section are all differences that affect these a djustments. The †p† concerning the place (distribution) deals with how to get the product to the consumer.It would be obvious to discuss adjustments to retail concentration, channel length, channel exclusivity and channel quality, but selling Vestas’ products is not like selling jeans or other regular consumer goods. There is no distribution channel, or at least it is very short, because Vestas sells directly to the customer, being government or large enterprises. However the undeveloped infrastructure, as outlined as a big difference between the Danish market conditions and the Russian market conditions, is of great importance for Vestas’ delivery to its customers.Vestas’ products require stable roads (due to heavy weight and size) and connections to the best set-up areas. The infrastructure is best around Moscow and St. Petersburg, due to big business, but this is not necessarily the best location for Vestas’ production. As mentioned before the best set-up areas are the vast steppes along the Volga River, the Caucasus Mountains and locations in Siberia. In Denmark Vestas can easily get around to all parts of the country, but Russia’s huge distances and the uneven terrain in many areas do acquire adjustments.Vestas carefully have to reconsider where to place the facilities of production to minimize transportation costs, and not to forget, maximize availability. This might require compromises in form of set-ups in optimal and less optimal wind areas. To do this Vestas has to deliver wind turbines that also are able to exploit the low winds and Vestas thus has to adjust its products to the Russian climate conditions. Other adjustments are necessary for the turbines to manage the before mentioned freezing winters with temperatures down to -65  °C and the hot summers with temperatures up to +40 °C.The turbines should be able to function all year round to be attractive to customers. Vestas has to differentiate the turbines to match these standards compared to the standards in Denmark, where weather conditions don’t differ as much. In other words, Vestas’ product differentiation is necessary to encounter pressure for local responsiveness and thus reach its customers. The customer segment that Vestas tries to reach is a narrow segment consisting of the government and maybe a few other large enterprises, which would be interested in promoting a green profile.The government and the large businesses would, as most customers, be concerned about price. To match Russia’s rank regarding the low GDP per capita, Vestas would have to make an adjustment in form of lower prices. Price is however not the main focus for Vestas . Quality and safety is their top priority, but of course they would be able to take advantage of the lower labor costs in Russia and thus lower the overall production costs. Vestas could however use strategic pricing in form of experience curve pricing to gain ma rket share and relations to the large customers before competitors emerge.This could be rewarding because of the promising growth in Russia’s GDP per capita, which presents better future market conditions for Vestas’ products. Vestas should at the same time stress that setting up windmills is an investment that might require lots of capital as a starting point, but in the long-term perspective it would be worth it. Today Russia is self-sufficient in terms of energy . However the supply of fossil fuels is diminishing and the demand for it is increasing. Investing in wind power would be a possible way for Russia to stay self-sufficient in the future.Left remains the question of how to communicate all this to Vestas’ customers? When choosing a promotion strategy Vestas has to adjust its approach to the above described high level of corruption. One way of doing this is by having the right connections; knowing the right people. As previous mentioned I would suggest V estas to pursue an entry mode of a joint venture and thereby gain the advantage of local relationships, which could help Vestas to get around the bureaucracy. On the other hand it is of paramount importance that Vestas ‘stay clean’.If Vestas in any way gets associated with any form for corruption, it will have tremendous consequences not only for the domestic market, but also for the global market that Vestas operates in. In accordance to the entry mode I would suggest Vestas to practice a push strategy. It would be a waste of resources to communicate through mass media to vast private consumer segments, to which Vestas’ products have no interest. Vestas’ communication should be directly orientated at the small customer segment, previous outlined.Personal selling, exploiting the local partner’s ability to speak the local language, perhaps supported by additional informative products to be handed out and an enlightening webpage is the best way for Ve stas to reach its potential customers. Vestas’ internationalization strategy In the last part of this paper I will sum up and describe the best internationalization strategy for Vestas when entering the Russian market. Throughout the paper I have concluded that now is a good time for Vestas to enter the Russian market, because of prospects for government interest and support and no real competitors settled in the market yet.Hence Vestas has an opportunity for a first-mover advantage, but only if they enter the market on a large scale. Entering on a large scale is associated with greater risks and costs, but taken the growth in GDP per capita and the decreasing amount of fossil fuels into considerations, it is most likely that Vestas in the long-term perspective will secure massive gains from having established the contacts and its own brand in an early phase.I have already argued that I find a joint venture the most appropriate form of entry mode for Vestas. Forming a joint v enture with the right partner, a partner that has agreed to Vestas’ way of doing business e. g. no corruption, is the best way to remain in control, but still benefit from local knowledge, which is of great value because of the different market conditions compared to Denmark. Due to these different market conditions, Vestas also has to adjust its marketing mix.The most important adjustments would be: Reconsideration of production locations concerning infrastructure impediments, product differentiation and the use of a push communication strategy with help from the chosen partner’s local advantages. There is no doubt about the difficulties a global actor faces. A company like Vestas carefully needs to consider every aspect of a business opportunity to prepare for an expansion into a new market.Vestas operates all over the world where it has to respond to pressures for local responsiveness and pressures for cost reductions. There is a pressure for local responsiveness in Russia due to the geography and the political system. The question is, if this pressure is low or high? I would categorize it as being in between. The pressure is not low since the expansion requires considerable adjustments in the marketing mix, but the pressure is on the other hand neither as high as pressure for local responsiveness for e. g. lothes or cars. Concerning the pressure for cost reduction it is necessary to take a look at Vestas competitors in the Russian market. At the time being, there are not many, but as mentioned before Siemens is planning on moving in. In addition to this, many Asian competitors have emerged in China as well and might constitute future competition. I would therefore say that pressure for cost reduction in Russia at the time being is low, but in the near future this pressure will definitely increase due to the above explained.Vestas could enter with a location strategy or an international strategy, in accordance to the low pressure for local res ponsiveness, but if the company wants to prepare itself to face upcoming aggressive competitors it might be strategic wise to enter with a transnational strategy already at this point. Pursuing such strategy will as well benefit the information flow between Vestas subsidiaries and between the subsidiaries and the home country, which is necessary for sharing one of Vestas’ core competences: know-how.If Vestas not only is able to take advantage of the outlined possibilities but at the same time adjust and respond to the described impediments, it has great opportunities to grasp large profits and at the same time remain competitive in perspective of the Russian market as well as the global market. References The paper is based on classes in International Business Environment plus the beneath listed Book: Hill Charles WL, International Business: Competing in the Global Marketplace, 8th edition