Monday, January 27, 2020
Student Motivation And Academic Performance
Student Motivation And Academic Performance The motivation of students is one of the important issues in higher education, particularly owing to importance of academic performance in their professional life and also it focused on identifying the factors that will help educational thinkers to know students attitudes towards learning, what hinders and what facilitates learning in the process of learning. This will assist education community to predict student academic performance and identifying the students before their grades begin to fall (Kamauru, 2000). Lumsden (1994) has investigated which passion to learn seems to shrink as children grow. Learning sometimes becomes compulsion than happiness, thats why large number of students leaves education before graduation. Due to unpleasant attitude of students towards education very few are actually mentally present in the classroom. Student motivation is the element that leads students attitude towards learning process. Number of studies has been conducted to probe the role of student motivation toward academic performance and different definitions of students motivation have been used by various researches. Student motivation is often separated into two types: Intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation: A student is intrinsically motivated when he/she is motivated from surrounded by: Intrinsically motivated students enthusiastically engage themselves in learning out of peculiarity, attention, happiness or in order to achieve their own scholarly and personal aims. Therefore students with intrinsic motivation are more enthusiastic, self driven, challenging and feel pleasure in their studies and students with extrinsic motivation try to drag themselves with academic coursework, feel compelled to learn, and always put minimum efforts to attain maximum appreciations. Intrinsically motivated, students tend to use strategies that require more effort and that allow them to process information more strongly. In intrinsic and extrinsic motivation we have found the following sources of motivation which has also been confirmed by the students during data collection. And also each of these items has defined in following table which has been used in design a questionnaire for intrinsic and extrinsic factors. At this time, I am going to talk about research methodology: 2. Research Methodology: 2.1 Sample The sample involved of 342 university students of dissimilar programs in various universities of Islamabad and Lahore, Pakistan. The students were asked about how motivated they are about their university experience and what really motivated them to study. The questionnaire was distributed among both female and male students. It involved 82% male and 18% female students in the survey with an average age of 20 years. The following technical card contains the concise information regarding research methodology: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Purpose of study Exploration à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Types of investigation Correlations à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Extent of researchers interference Minimal à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Study setting Non-contrived à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Measurement Scaling à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Unit of examination Individuals à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Sampling design Simple random sampling à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Sample size n = 250 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Time horizon one shot à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Data collection method Questionnaire à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Data analysis of Variance The above given self descriptive table describes different parts of research methodology in brief. For statistical purpose analysis of variance has been conducted using SPSS 17 version. 2.2 Instrumentation and Measurement: The above mentioned self-explanatory table contains the key of the items mentioned in the survey questionnaire. This shows that each source in given due consideration in the survey and items were mixed in the survey regarding the source of student motivation. 2.3 Procedure: The questionnaires were distributed randomly among the students of different programs of different semesters and their responses were collected. Data was analyzed using SPSS for Windows (version 17.0) for precise analysis and results. Analysis included regression analysis, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). 3. Result: The following report begins with the results of the respondents information on segments like languages and Gender. This study, conducted on the student motivation and its Impact on student performance, shown that 82.4% respondents are male while 17.6% female, who participated in this study. Female segment of the sample is reasonably insignificant in the study. This study reveals percentages of languages: of these, 34.5% respondents belong to Punjabi language, 8.6% respondents belong to Sindhi language, 10.8% respondents belong to Pashto language, 6.5% respondents belong to Saraiki language, 33.5% respondents belong to Urdu language, 0.7% respondents belong to Hindco language and 5.4% respondents belong to Baluchi language. Different languages are spoken in various parts of the country. However, in one university students come from different parts of the country and speak different languages. Four major provincial languages and three other languages, commonly spoken in some of the pro vinces, were also included in the study. Languages reflect cultural values of their own provinces. Now we have a clear picture of the respondents answers regarding student motivation and student performance. 4. Discussion: Rejection of alternative options, career and qualifications and social pressure instil the academic performance. In the same way, intrinsic motivation achieved through respect of altruism, and self-exploration. This study investigates student motivation and its impact on student academic performance. Student performance will increase between 23 percent and 34 percent due to extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. T-value of both tables shows relevant Importance of elements of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation for academic performance. On the whole, model is Significant. This study reveals R-square is 80 percent which show strong relationship of students motivation with their Performance. Academics performance will increase 34 percent due to extrinsic motivation where as academics Performance will increase 23 percent due to intrinsic motivation. Every student has diversified experience of knowledge, abilities, talents and aspirations and come from different Social, regional and political backgrounds that may affect their motivation to learn. Some student having great quantity of skill due to best schooling and other are vice versa. However, student motivation is a prerequisite of academic performance (Masitsa, 2008). Helpful learning in the classroom depends on the teachers capability that creates interest related to subject matter. Student performance depends upon the forces which are affecting during the studies (Erickson, 1978). There is no paranormal formula for accessing accurate level of students Motivation other then extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation questionnaire. 5. Conclusion and Recommendations: The study examined the influence of student motivation on academic performance. The study found positive and mutually causal relationship between students motivation and students academic performance. This relationship is mutual, meaning students who are more motivated do better and student who perform better become more motivated. In this study, R-square is 80 percent; this shows very strong relationship of students motivation with academics performance. T-value also shows relevant significance of students motivation toward the student academics performance. Extrinsic and intrinsic motivations increase their academic performance between ranges of 23 percent and 34 percent. When we checked on individual element of extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation, we found that Academics performance will increase 17 percent due to rejection alternative option. Academics performance will enhance 9 percent due to occupation qualification. Academics performance will put in to 7 percent because of social pleasure. Academics performance will increase 4 percent due to common pressure. Academics performance will increase 10 percent due to self exploration. Academics performance will increase 12 percent due to altruism. Blank (1997); Dev (1997); Kushman (2000) and Woods (1995) also associated high motivation and commitment in learning as consisted link to reduce dropout rates and increase levels of student performance. From these findings we conclude that students who are intrinsically motivated perform much better academically than students who are extrinsically motivated. Extrinsically motivated students might do a good job or perform well to achieve a certain reward, but it does not keep them motivated for long-term and overall performance does not change or is consistent. They might carry out very well in one semester or quiz to achieve a certain reward or goal and then next semester might show poor performance because the reward did not exist anymore. Their performance does not remain constant as a result. Students who are intrinsically motivated take up tasks or perform well academically for their own interest and for their own learning. These kinds of students are truly interested in learning and in achieving high goals. This shows in their overall consistent performance. From these results and Analysis, this study concludes that academic performance is positively influenced by intrinsic motivation and negatively affected by extrinsic motivation. Additional research is required to address the question that How students intrinsic motivation can be increased? Critique In regard to research methodology: At the first I guess its better to describe the motivation which it didnt indicate clearly and also designate different type of performance in this case academic learning and learn how to assess the motivation while it didnt indicate in original paper base of literature review: Motivation: It is incentive, enthusiasm, or interest that causes a specific action or certain behaviour. There are two main kinds of motivation: intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic motivation is internal. It occurs when people are compelled to do something out of enjoyment, significance, or desire. Extrinsic motivation occurs when external factors compel the person to do something. A common place that we see the need to apply motivation is in the work place. In the work force, we can see motivation play a key role in leadership and management success. A person unable to grasp motivation and apply it will not become or stay a leader. It is crucial that anyone seeking to lead or motivate understand How let to Hierarchy of Work Motivators. What all process theories have in common is an emphasis on the cognitive processes in determining his or her level of motivation. Equity theory assumes that one important cognitive process involves people looking around and observing what effort other people are putting into their work and what rewards follow them. This social comparison process is driven by our concern for justice and equity. Research by Adams (1965) and others confirms equity theory as one of the most useful frameworks for understanding work motivation. The motivational force of a job can so be calculated if the expectancy, instrumentality and are known. The individuals abilities, characters, role perceptions and opportunities reduce the motivational force. In this project just focus is on motivation and wanted to know about the relationship between academic performance and motivation and just talk about Extrinsic and Intrinsic factor while the other mediator and moderator factor maybe totally devastate the relationship between the even those student although have a intrinsic motivation as in this paper in result part you see as a significant factor but due to such a factor it cant go well and dont change the performance as it was expected. I just want to review some of these articles about the other factors that can be helpful. In cognitive-motivational process model (Vollmeyer, R. Rheinberg, F. (1998). Motivationally Einflu ¨sse auf Erwerb and Anwendung von Wissen in einem computersimulierten System. [Motivational influences on the acquisition and application of knowledge in a simulated system.] Zeitschrift fu ¨r Pa ¨dagogische Psychologie, 12, 11-23.) Motivational factors imagine that have an effect on performance via mediators. Such a potential mediator is persistence. Also in this paper the researcher did research on fifty-one students learnt a complex dynamic system. They measured their initial motivation (mastery confidence, incompetence fear, interest and challenge), then a set of mediating variables during learning. Performance measures were knowledge acquisition and knowledge application. In this paper it was shown a path-analysis showed that initial motivation influenced persistence and it have direct effect on performance and should take in consideration that sometimes highly persistent learners did not have higher mean final performance, despite acquiring more knowledge over trials. So performance is one of the possible mediator that in (Regina Vollmeyer *, Falko Rheinberg (2000) this paper it has discussed. Also in another study we can see that (Bandura, 1991) combines motivation and cognition into a cognitive-motivational perspective. He defined motivation as a multidimensional phenomenon indexed in terms of selection of pursuits from competing alternatives, intensity of effort, and persistence of exertion (p. 158). For learning this means that motivation not only affects what people learn, but also the intensity and the duration of the learning activities. So as you can see in this study although motivation has considered as a multidimensional phenomenon, but the indexes is not according to this paper. In another study, (Rheinberg, 1997, p. 14) defined motivation as something that provides an impetus towards a goal for all current processes. In doing so, motivation influences the way people learn. Vollmeyer and Rheinberg (1998) proposed a cognitive-motivational process model. The interaction between motivation and cognition is described in more detail by Schiefele and Rheinberg (1997). They argued that motivation can affect three aspects of learning: (1) Persistence and frequency of learning activities. (2) Mode of performed learning activities. (3) Motivational and functional states of the learner during learning. These three aspects define the framework, within which we looked for variables that may mediate the effect initial motivation has on performance. Also different type of learning is one of the issues that didnt indicate in the main paper but in Schiefele and Rheinberg (1997) has completely indicated. In confirming the relationship between motivation and performance but in different type in work place we can see :The motivational model holds that more opportunities to participate in decision making provide subordinates with greater intrinsic rewards from work (Conger Kanungo, 1988; Thomas Velthouse, 1990) and higher levels of psychological empowerment (Spreitzer, 1995), which may result in improved work performance. In addition to, the other mediator factor between motivation and performance as a result of a meta-analysis conducted by Eby, Freeman, Rush, and Lance (1999) revealed that intrinsic motivation mediates the link between the participative management behaviour of supervisors and the organizational commitment of employees and their work performance. (XU HUANG1, ET al.2010) Furthermore there is some other papers that confirm the some other factors for increasing the motivation For instance Lumsden, (1994) analyzed students involvement towards education and sources of their motivation. Marshal (1987) viewed students motivation as a force beneficial to the learner. Ames (1990) stated that motivation to learning is dependent on long-term, quality attachment in learning and pledge to the process of learning. Most motivation philosopher believes that motivation is involved in the performance of all learned responses and leaned behaviour will not occur unless it is energized.Bomia et al. (1997) has suggested student motivation as student keenness, need, desire and obligation to participate and be booming in the learning process. Some other Critical Theory in Motivation and performance: Effect of content theories of motivation: There are some other theories in motivation and academic performance which is more related to organizational behaviour such as Maslow and ERG theory that in this part we want to elaborate more in terms of different needs of employee to get satisfy and increase their academic performance. Seeing that we can see in order to motivate student in case of maximize their academic performance to attain higher grading we need to meet their basic needs at first due to Maslow and Alderfer ERG theories which belong to content theories of motivation as it is illustrated above. Pygmalion effect on motivation and performance: It is worth mentioning that student performance increases only if we can motivate them. Also another factor should be highlighted in this regard and that is theory of fulfilling forecast. This theory talks about Pygmalion effect. The Pygmalion consequence enables student to excel in response to the parent and their lecturers message that they are capable of success and expected to succeed. The Pygmalion effect can also undermine student performance when the subtle communication from the manager tells them the converse. Supposing if a student is inexpert, he leaves scars on the careers, cuts deeply into their self-esteem and distorts their image of himself/herself as human being. But if he/she is expert and has high expectations of his/her subordinates, their self-assurance will grow, their capabilities will develop and their efficiency will be high. If the lecturer actually believes that every student has the ability to make a positive contribution at his/her studies, the telegraphing of that message, either consciously or automatically, will positively have an effect on academic performance. In regard to discussion part: While in the discussion part all the alternative except the intrinsic factors reject we review the literature about Motivational factors and academic learning: When a learner approaches a learning task, the literature suggests that several motivational factors are relevant and can be measured: (Regina Vollmeyer *, Falko Rheinberg, 2000). 1. Learners can vary in their certainty that they will succeed in understanding the task. This factor we will call mastery confidence (similar concepts have been proposed: e.g., subjective probability of success and self-efficacy (Bandura, 1977). 2. Learners can differ in their anxiety about failing in the task. This factor we will call incompetence fear (a similar concept is Atkinsons fear of failure, however, for him this concept is measured as a trait whereas we assess a persons actual state); (Regina Vollmeyer *, Falko Rheinberg, 2000). 3. Learners may vary in the degree to which they perceive this task as a challenge. Perceiving the task as a challenge requires a personal achievement standard for this task against which to test task performance. 4. The task may or may not evoke the learners interest. All these motivational factors are said to affect learning; however, it has not been clearly shown how. In accordance with our cognitive-motivational process model (Vollmeyer Rheinberg, 1998), we investigated the assumption that these four motivational factors influence learning via the following three mediators: The motivational state during learning, The systematicity of learners strategies The number of learning rounds the learners deliberately chooses to spend improving their knowledge (persistence). (Regina Vollmeyer *, Falko Rheinberg, 2000). In regard to conclusion and recommendation SUMMERY: The aim of this assignment was to review a peer reviewed journal article that is research based, and is representative of one of the research methodologies we discussed in class (distribute the questionnaire for assessing the just two concept motivation and academic performance. The format of the article has the appearance of a dissertation because it has many of the same components. It starts with an abstract that discusses the main points of the research and the results. After reading the article, I found that the abstract failed to mention the other reasons that affect the performance except motivation of student that the research was based on. The research methodology used in this study was surveys analyzed in a quantitative design. More particularly, only one survey instruments was introduced in the article, and only it was used. It was a questionnaire which was designed and developed by Neil (2004) measure students motivation and it was called The University Student Motivation and Satisfaction Questionnaire version 2 (TUSMSQ2).It was an instrument contains 30-items. The questions measure both Intrinsic and Extrinsic motivation of students and one the problem is that variable which was analysed in this paper just focus on internal and external feature of motivation.
Sunday, January 19, 2020
The Yellow Wall Paper -- essays research papers
Stettler                                              Hour 5                                              2/15/00                          Modern Lit. Essay #1      In the early twentieth century a writers work usually represented ones surroundings. In the stories â€Å"Araby†by James Joyce and â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†by Charolotte Gilman there are examples of their immediate surroundings taking affect in there writings. In most cases a person becomes what there surroundings are because that was the way they were raised. A person’s family, friends, neighborhood and every day things will shape and mold ones morals and character.      In â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†the narrator is also the author. Charolotte Gilman writes about her struggle with insanity. The story takes place in a house in the countryside. Johns plan was to get his wife away from all the hust...
Saturday, January 11, 2020
Boyz in D Hood
A Stereotypical Black Woman: Single Mother’s Roles in Boyz in D Hood The movie chronicles the story of a Black American boy named Tre and his friends in an all Black community. He and his friends grew up aspiring to become someone in the society. Both are raised by single parents: Tre by his father and Ricky by his mother. While Tre’s father is portrayed in a positive way, the mothers (both Tre’s and Ricky’s) were portrayed in the most traditional ways as pointed out by Professor Michele Wallace.Women are portrayed in their traditional roles which are very limiting especially in an era where women empowerment has already been advocated. These traditional roles include being a housewife, taking care of children, cooking, cleaning the house, serving food for guests. In other words, women are still constrained in their domestic roles. For instance, Ricky’s mother is seen only inside the house. She occasionally goes outside but only on the front door to remind her children before they leave for school.In particular, she is seen in the party cooking, taking care of guests, and serving food. She is restricted to this kind of role and nothing else. At the same time, Tre’s mother is also portrayed as a stereotypical woman. Although she is not portrayed in her domestic roles, she is portrayed as someone who is a subordinate to her husband, Tre’s father Furious. This is because she had to surrender his son to him when she felt that she is not capable of raising him the right way.When she wanted to bring Tre back and Furious refused, she succumbed to that. She has to accept that it is Furious, the husband, who has the last say when it comes to their son. This means that the only role that a woman is allowed in this film is her domestic role. In any case that she defy this role, then she will be alienated with all her happiness such as the presence and love of a son in case of Tre’s mother.
Friday, January 3, 2020
Population Decline in Russia
In 2006, Russian President Vladimir Putin directed his nations parliament to develop a plan to reduce the countrys falling birthrate. In a speech to parliament on May 10, 2006, Putin called the problem of Russias dramatically declining population, The most acute problem of contemporary Russia. The president called on parliament to provide incentives for couples to have a second child to increase the birth rate in order to stop the countrys plummeting population. Russias population peaked in the early 1990s (at the time of the end of the Soviet Union) with about 148 million people in the country. Today, Russias population is approximately 144 million. In 2010, the United States Census Bureau estimated that Russias population will decline from the 2010 estimate of 143 million to a mere 111 million by 2050, a loss of more than 30 million people and a decrease of more than 20%. The primary causes of Russias population decrease and loss of about 700,000 to 800,000 citizens each year are related to a high death rate, low birth rate, high rate of abortions, and a low level of immigration. High Death Rate According to the U.S. Central Intelligence Agencys World Factbook, Russia has a very high death rate of 13.4 deaths per 1000 people per year. While decreased from a high of 15 in 2010, this is still far higher than the worlds average death rate of just under 9. The death rate in the U.S. is 8.2 per 1000 and for the United Kingdom its 9.4 per 1000. Alcohol-related deaths in Russia are very high and alcohol-related emergencies represent the bulk of emergency room visits in the country. With this high death rate, Russian life expectancy is lowâ€â€the World Health Organization estimates the life expectancy of Russian men at 66 years while womens life expectancy is considerably better at 77 years. This difference is primarily a result of high rates of alcoholism among males. Low Birth Rate Understandably, due to these high rates of alcoholism and economic hardship, women feel less than encouraged to have children in Russia. Russias total fertility rate is low at 1.6 births per woman; the number represents the number of children each Russian woman has during her lifetime. For comparison, the entire worlds fertility rate is 2.4; the U.S.s rate is 1.8. A replacement total fertility rate to maintain a stable population is 2.1 births per woman. Obviously, with such a low total fertility rate Russian women are contributing to a declining population. The birth rate in the country is also quite low; the crude birth rate is 10.7 births per 1,000 people. The world average is 18.2 per 1000 and in the U.S. the rate is 12.4 per 1,000. Infant mortality in Russia is 6.7 deaths per 1,000 live births; in the U.S., the rate is 5.7 per 1,000 and worldwide, the rate is 32 deaths per 1,000 live births. Abortion Rates During the Soviet era, abortion was quite common and was utilized as a method of birth control. That technique remains common and quite popular today, keeping the countrys birth rate exceptionally low. According to a 2017 article in Foreign Policy, Russia has a ratio of around 480 abortions per 1,000 live births, only half what it was in 1995, but still enormously higher than European countries or the U.S. (about 200 abortions per 1,000 live births). Many Russian women use abortion as their sole course of birth control, and an estimated 930,000 women terminate a pregnancy each year. Surveys indicate that 72% of the population wants abortion to stay legal. Immigration Additionally, immigration into Russia is lowâ€â€immigrants are primarily a trickle of ethnic Russians moving out of former republics (but now independent countries) of the Soviet Union. Brain drain and emigration from Russia to Western Europe and other parts of the world is high as native Russians seek to better their economic situation. Net migration (the difference between the number of persons entering and leaving a country during the year per 1,000 persons) in Russia is 1.7 migrants per 1,000 population; compared to 3.8 for the United States. Putin himself explored the issues surrounding the low birth rate during his speech, asking What has prevented a young family, a young woman, from making this decision? The answers are obvious: low incomes, a lack of normal housing, doubts about the level of medical services and quality education. At times, there are doubts about the ability to provide enough food. Sources Abortion Rates by Country 2019. World Population ReviewFerris-Rotman, Amie. Putins Next Target is Russias Abortion Culture. Foreign Policy, October 3, 2017 Russia. CIA World Factbook.  Russian Federation. World Health OrganizationUnited States. World Health OrganizationUnited States. CIA World Factbook.  Global. CIA World Factbook.
Thursday, December 26, 2019
Frankenstein and Real Monster - 1762 Words
Discrimination Jennifer Shi Discrimination is treating someone differently, often unfairly, because he/she is a part of a specific group, class or category of people. For instance, a girl named Wu Qing in China was discriminated against and could not find a job because how her body was a bit chubby and the scars in her face from an accident in her early childhood. Even though she was kind and used to be straight-A student, she had no friends. Now, she is looking for selling her kidney in order to pay the plastic surgery fee. Discrimination can change a person from innocent to evil is an important theme in the novel â€Å"Frankenstein†by Mary Shelley. Even though†¦show more content†¦In the novel Dr.Frankenstein shouts, â€Å"You are an evil creature. I shall kill you if I can†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Shelley 20) and he also says, â€Å"we are enemies, leave me now or let us fight until one of us is dead†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Shelley 20-21)This quote conveys how much the Dr.Frankenstein hates the monster as he wants to kill him. All of these actions the Dr.Frankenstein has done are solely because of the monster’s countenance that leads to the creator himself who made how the monster looks like wants to kill the monster! How sad and disappointed the little baby-like monster must be. In addition, the inequality he tolerates is far more than just the hurt from his own creator. He has been discriminated against by the drowning girl and her father. He has saved the girl’s life but her father shoots him instead of rewarding him. In the novel it is written, â€Å"I fell to the ground in great pain, and the man and the girl ran into the woods as fast as they could, and left me. The bullet was deep in my arm, and I lost a lot of blood†¦I had saved the girl’s life†¦with a bullet in the arm!†(Shelley 30-31) This quote reveals the strange results of saving a girl’s life – deep in pain, lost a lot of blood and of course enormously trauma emot ionally. It sounds like he has done something horrible simply because of saving someone who is in danger. He has done nothing wrong, is the cruelty, the little human cannot stand theShow MoreRelatedWho was the real monster? Frankenstein1691 Words  | 7 PagesNovember 25th, 2013 THE REAL MONSTER The monster rose from the table. He stared at the creature whom he had created, then ran away in terror. He ran away because the monster looked nothing like anything he had ever seen before; it was monstrous and utterly terrifying. He thought it would harm him as monsters are commonly portrayed to do. What would any human do in a situation like that? Prejudice is not an emotion in itself; it is an offshoot of fear. 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The novel Frankenstein, written by the English author Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, tells the story of a young scientist, Victor Frankenstein, who unintentionally createsRead MoreWho Is the Real Monster in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein?2098 Words  | 9 PagesMary Wollstonecraft Shelley (1797-1851) wrote the novel, Frankenstein, in her late teens to her early twenties. It was her most famous work and was published in early 1818 it was to become the most famous Gothic Horror story ever written. Shelley lived in a time where the field of science progressed immensely. Science, because of its links to the supernatural, then became part of the emergence of Gothic Horror as a genre. Since th en it has been frequently used in Gothic Horror when using the connectionRead MoreEssay about The Real Monster in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein991 Words  | 4 PagesIn this essay I will be discussing who really is portrayed as the monster in her gothic horror novel, Frankenstein or â€Å"The Modern Prometheus†. Frankenstein was written in 1816, (thought by many to be the first real science fiction novel) during the age of Romanticism and it tells the story of a selfish man, Victor Frankenstein, whose ambition conducts him to seek for supernatural powers and leads him to death. He is a young scientist, eager to discover something new, the key to life, help to makeRead MoreEssay on The Real Monster in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein2121 Words  | 9 PagesFrankenstein is a classic horror novel, but with a twist of many other genres. Written by Mary Shelley, it was a novel which mixed many exciting elements, such as horror, drama and romance. The story follows a young doctor named Victor Frankenstein, who has an obsession to reincarnate the dead, but his attempts at this fail horribly, and Victor finds himself in deep peril, as the monster stalks him throughout the world. I aim to investigate the issue, however, of who is the true monster inRead MoreThe Real Monster, Victor Frank781 Words  | 4 PagesThe Real Monster, victor frankenstein Mary Shelley#8217;s narrative, Frankenstein is the story of Victor Frankenstein and his creation. #8220;It was on a dreary night of November that I beheld the accomplishment of my toils#8230;by the glimmer of the half-extinguished light I saw the dull yellow eye of the creature open; it breathed hard, and a convulsive motion agitated its limbs.(52)#8221; This was the time and the place in which the creature came to life. Victor Frankenstein thoughtRead MoreEssay on True Nature of the Monster666 Words  | 3 Pages Even though it appears on the surface that Frankensteins monster exhibits actions that appear to be evil and malicious, the reader cannot help but to sympathize with his problems. From the very beginning it is obvious that the monster only wants the approval and the acceptance of his creator. The monster is a type of character that can be compared to a child because the monster like a child only wants the parents to love and to accept them for who they are. In m any cases children almost breakRead MorePride And Vanity In Frankenstein1719 Words  | 7 PagesShelley’s â€Å"Frankenstein†is a book with a deep message that touches to the very heart. This message implies that the reader will not see the story only from the perspective of the narrator but also reveal numerous hidden opinions and form a personal interpretation of the novel. One of its primary statements is that no one is born a monster and a â€Å"monster†is created throughout socialization, and the process of socialization starts from the contact with the â€Å"creator†. It is Victor Frankenstein that could
Wednesday, December 18, 2019
Discrimination Against Female And Male Employees - 1795 Words
The present global scenario has come a long way when it comes to discrimination against women. Employers who discriminate against female or male employees because of their sex are held to be in violation of The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Title VII (Twomey Jennings, 2014). Gone are the times when the men were stereotyped to be the bread winners while women were expected to remain at home to cook and clean. Discrimination had always preferred the able bodied superior. Women today work alongside the superior sex but sadly, still face discrimination in the workplace when it comes to opportunities and higher responsibilities. The female worker is still not provided with the same promotion as opposed to men. They experience fewer opportunities for promotion and positions of authority. Additionally, women who are illiterate have a lesser chance to get jobs doing labor work. 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Monday, December 9, 2019
BHP Billiton CSR Audit And Report
Question: Discuss about the CSR Audit of BHP Billiton. Answer: Introduction BHP Billiton is one of the leading petroleum, mining and metals company having its headquarter is Melbourne, Australia. The organization is named the largest mining company in the world in the year of 2015 along with the fourth largest company in Australia in terms of revenue. To maintain its success or image in the corresponding industry of operation, an organization like BHP Billiton focuses a lot of effort on the corporate social responsibilities in its business model. These corporate social responsibilities define the activities that the organization does for the wellbeing of the community and the corresponding society of operation. The presence and completion of these corporate social responsibilities allow the organization to maintain its leadership in the corresponding industry. The corporate social responsibilities also allow the organization to achieve its goals in an efficient manner through the positioning of the brand with a positive image among the individuals and organi zations present in the corresponding markets. This report focuses on the corporate social responsibilities of BHP Billiton and analyzes these responsibilities in terms of their presence in the business model and operational model of the organization. Along with the analysis of the CSR activities done by BHP Billiton, the report also analyzes the discrepancies between the claims that the organization makes for its CSR activities and the actual corporate practices of the organization for its corporate social responsibilities (Lodhia, 2014). Scope of engagement As mentioned earlier, the scope of the report is to define the corporate social responsibilities in the business and operational model of the organization along with the analysis of these responsibilities held by BHP Billiton. The report also analyzes the extent or significance of the corporate social responsibilities in the business model of BHP Billiton along with their involvement in the vision and strategies of the organization. The report also analyzes whether these corporate social responsibilities of BHP Billiton are measurable to certain extent along with their positive impacts on the performance of the organization and the society in which the organization operates in (Jamali, 2015). Then the intention of the report is to identify and analyze the discrepancies between the corporate social responsibilities defined in the business model of BHP Billiton and the actual corporate practices of the organization to carry these responsibilities out. The report also includes some reco mmendations to improve the corporate social responsibilities of the organization along with the CSR practices and their effectiveness. The report is presented to the management of BHP Billiton as an end-to-end analysis of their current CSR activities and potential rooms for improvement in these business processes in the form of a CSR audit of the organization (Mayes, 2013). Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) The corporate social responsibilities are considered to be the way for the organizations to give something back to the society. These responsibilities of the organizations are defined to allow the organizations to be responsible for the wellbeing of the community and the societies across the corresponding markets of operation. These responsibilities also allow the organizations to have a positive image in the corresponding market of operation, which in turn helps in increasing the sales of the products or services of the organizations. BHP Billiton realizes the significance of the corporate social activities and have a number of corporate social responsibilities embedded into the business model of the organization. There are a number of other business benefits of the corporate social responsibilities such as risk management, branding, positioning, strong supplier relations and effective workforce of the organization. BHP Billiton focuses on a number of sectors such as health, economy , education, disaster relief and various charities to achieve its corporate social responsibility goals in the corresponding market of operation. There are a number of organizations in the industries across the globe, who claim to carry out a number of CSR activities, but fail to complete these corporate social responsibilities in the real world. This report analyses these claims of BHP Billiton of the CSR activities with the actual real-world corporate activities of the organization (Mayes, 2015). BHPs CSR commitment As mentioned earlier, BHP Billiton focuses on a number of sectors of the societies across the world to achieve its goals and objectives for the corporate social responsibilities. Some of these sectors are education, healthcare, disaster relief and economic development, which are mentioned in this section of the report (Price, 2015). CSR claims embedded in BHPs vision and strategic documents The business strategy of BHP Billiton is to contribute to the development of the society along with the manufacturing and distribution of high quality products and services. Community investment The business strategic documents of BHP Billiton claim that the business model of the organization puts a lot of focus on the community investments in order to make the lives of the individuals in the corresponding communities better. Economic development The business processes of the organization aim at the effective development of the economic condition of the host country through the business activities of the organization. The business model of BHP Billiton supports the local businesses for a number of its business processes, which in turn leads to the development of the economic condition of the local market (Billiton, 2014). Education BHP Billiton has been active in the education and training industry for quite some time. The organization includes the contributions to the educational institutions in the rural places in the corresponding market of operation in its business model and trains the individuals in the corresponding societies in various useful skills. These trainings allow the individuals to have a source of employment for them (Northey, 2013). Health BHP Billiton also organizes a number of initiatives to enhance the health of the individuals present in the corresponding market of operation. Swim and Survive is such an initiative started by BHP Billiton to allow the children in the corresponding societies to participate in for various competition, which in turn also allow the children to have better health (Saunders, 2015). Environmental contribution This is another section of the CSR activities carried out by BHP Billiton, which allows the organization to contribute for the wellbeing and betterment of the environment of the market of operation. Greenhouse gas emissions The organization also focuses on minimizing its greenhouse gas emissions and energy usage of the processes of manufacturing the products. The organization has created a number of initiatives as part of its business strategy to minimize the emission of the greenhouse gases along with the efficient utilization of energy (Su, 2013). Measurability of these claims Some of these claims of BHP Billiton can be measured to a certain extent based on the type of contribution to the society. Some of these measurements of the CSR activities of the organization are mentioned in this section. Economic development The contributions of BHP Billiton can be measured in terms of the sales and revenue generation figures of some of the initiatives that the organization started. The BMA local buying program of BHP Billiton allowed 372 businesses to be registered in the program, which in turn created 1910 work opportunities in the local market resulting with 25 million USD of revenue locally. The World-Class supplier program launched by BHP Billiton in the year of 2012 in Chile had more than 5000 individuals generating over 4000 million USD of sales, which in turn led to the strengthening of the Chilean economic condition (Billiton, 2012). Education The educational and training contributions of BHP Billiton can be measured in terms of the below mentioned facts. BHP Billiton has been a part of the growing academic partnership with more than 30 Chinese universities, which opens up a large number of educational opportunities. BHP Billiton has also been a part of the Chile before Chile initiative to fund the activities of gathering valuable artifacts and preserving them in the Chilean museum of pre-Columbian art to educate people about the indigenous culture and history of Chile. BHP Billiton also contributed 10$ dollars to the Australian Indigenous Education Foundation (AIEF) for funding 90 scholarships in the year of 2014 (Fonseca, 2014). Greenhouse gas emission This claim of the BHP Billiton can be measured in terms of the total amount of the gases emitted by the business processes each year. The total amount of greenhouse gas emissions of BHP Billiton was 38.3 million tons in the year of 2015. This count suggests that the GHG emission reduced 6% from 2014, which in turn proves the active contribution of the organization to this CSR activity (Billiton, 2014). Positive impact of BHPs CSR policy The CSR claims embedded in the vision and strategic documents of BHP Billiton were mentioned in the previous section. These CSR activities of the organization are carried out through an effective implementation of a CSR policy, which in turn allows the organization to have a number of positive impacts on the society. The contribution of the organization to the economic condition of the local market is leading to the strengthening of a number of less-developed or developing countries along with the enhancement of the standard of living of the individuals staying in the corresponding society. The educational and healthcare contributions of the organization are also responsible for making the lives of the individuals in the corresponding societies better in terms of the standard of living and the quality of their lives. The minimization of the GHG emission is also responsible for making the environment less polluted, which in turn is decreasing the global warming issue (Browne, 2013). Discrepancies between communicated intention and corporate practice The claims made by BHP Billiton for their corporate social responsibilities are included in the vision and strategic documents of the organization. There arent a lot of discrepancies between these claims made by the organization and the actual corporate practices. As mentioned in the previous sections, we have enough data to analyze these CSR activities of the organization. This analysis reveals that the organization is contributing or carrying out the CSR activities to an acceptable significance and with acceptable effectiveness (Onn, 2014). The organization has a number of open initiatives in the corresponding markets of operation, which allows the organization to minimize the gap between the intended CSR activities and the actual corporate practices. Recommendations As mentioned earlier, the analysis of the CSR activities and objectives of BHP Billiton are being carried out efficiently by the organization in the corresponding markets of operation. This section mentions a number of recommendation, which the management of the organization can consider for enhancing the CSR activities and their effectiveness in the corresponding markets. The organization can focus more on the sustainable development initiatives in order to make the corresponding societies sustainable enough to cater to the needs of the future generations (Paul, 2016). The organization can focus more on the optimization of the usage of the natural resources in its business processes in order to preserve these natural resources, which are facing a threat of getting depleted (Ross, 2016). BHP Billiton can also focus its CSR activities on the contributions to various charities for orphans and elderly people in order to contribute towards the betterment of the corresponding societies along with the enhancement of the brand image in the corresponding markets (Pellegrino, 2012). The organization can focus on publishing public yearly reports for its CSR activities along with the progress of the organization in achieving these CSR objectives. These reports can be designed to include all the CSR activities taken up by the organization along with their effectiveness and positive impacts on the corresponding societies (Bair, 2015). Conclusion BHP Billiton is one of the leading organizations in the mining industry with its operations in a number of markets. The organization includes a number of corporate social responsibilities in its vision and business strategies. These CSR activities of the organization mainly focus on its contributions to the community through the healthcare, education and economic sector of the corresponding societies along with the environmental contributions of the organization to minimize the emission of the greenhouse gases and efficient usage of energy (Pepper, 2015). Most of these CSR activities of the organization are measurable in terms of the actual calculations of the contributions made by the organization or the calculations of the positive impacts of the CSR activities of the organization. These CSR activities of BHP Billiton have a number of positive impacts on the corresponding societies of operation. The analysis of these CSR activities of the organization reveals that there arent a lot of discrepancies between the claims made by the management and the actual corporate practices of the organization. The organization has been active in the corresponding markets of operation to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of its CSR activities along with taking new initiatives to enhance the effectiveness of its business processes (Boiral, 2015). This report focused on the corporate social responsibilities of BHP Billiton and analyzes these responsibilities in terms of their presence in the business model and operational model of the organization. Along with the analysis of the CSR activities done by BHP Billiton, the report also analyzed the discrepancies between the claims that the organization makes for its CSR activities and the actual corporate practices of the organization for its corporate social responsibilities. References Bair, J., Palpacuer, F. (2015). CSR beyond the corporation: contested governance in global value chains. Global Networks, 15(s1), S1-S19. Billiton, B. H. P. (2012). Sustainability. Accessed November, 26, 2012. Billiton, B. H. P. (2014). 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Pellegrino, C., Lodhia, S. (2012). Climate change accounting and the Australian mining industry: exploring the links between corporate disclosure and the generation of legitimacy. Journal of Cleaner Production, 36, 68-82. Price, G. (2015). Spotlight on seeds for BHP Billiton Iron Ore. AusIMM Bulletin, (Jun 2015), 76. Ross, D. (2016). Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives in Australias Mining Industry: An Applied Stakeholder Approach. In Key Initiatives in Corporate Social Responsibility (pp. 261-278). Springer International Publishing. Saunders, A. (2015). BHP Billiton winds back China forecast. Su, R., Yi, R., Hooper, K., Dutta, A. (2013). Information Spillover, Profit Opportunities, and Return Deviations Analysis: The Case of Cross-Listed BHP Billiton. International Journal of Business and Economics, 12(2), 155.
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